The Crisis of Expertise by Eyal Gil;

Author:Eyal, Gil; [Eyal, Gil]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Polity Press
Published: 2019-11-11T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1 Over the same years, there was also a small increase in the use of the term “uncertainty,” but nowhere near proportionally to the increases in “risk” and “expertise.” Based on the data made available by Google Books Ngram Viewer. https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=expertise%2Crisk&year_start=1900&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cexpertise%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Crisk%3B%2Cc0.

2 Beck, Risk Society, 29.

3 On political risk analysis, see Gil Eyal (with Grace Pok), “What is Security Expertise?: From the Sociology of Professions to the Analysis of Networks of Expertise,” in Trine Villumsen Berling and Christian Bueger (eds.) Capturing Security Expertise (London: Routledge, 2015). On the multidisciplinary nature of risk analysis and the eclipse of toxicology, see David Demortain, Scientists and the Regulation of Risk: Standardizing Control (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011), 2011, 1–2, 14–15, 40–59.

4 Dominic Golding, “A Social and Programmatic History of Risk Research,” in Sheldon Krimsky and Dominic Golding (eds.) Social Theories of Risk (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1992), 23–52. Beck, Risk Society, 28–29.

5 Dyson's quote is from Freeman Dyson, 2007. “Heretical Thoughts about Science and Society,” Edge.org https://www.edge.org/conversation/heretical-thoughts-about-science-and-society. On the problem of “body burden” as an “overflow” not captured by toxicological expertise, see Norah MacKendrick, “Media Framing of Body Burdens: Precautionary Consumption and the Individualization of Risk,” Sociological Inquiry 80(1) (2010): 126–149.

6 Beck, Risk Society, 28–30; Brian Wynne, “Uncertainty and environmental learning: Reconceiving science and policy in the preventive paradigm,” Global Environmental Change 2(2) (1992): 111–127; Callon et al., Acting in an Uncertain World, 18–26. On “systemic risk,” see Onur Ozgode, “Governing the Economy at the Limits of Neoliberalism: Toward a Genealogy of Systemic Risk Regulation in the United States, 1922–2012” (PhD Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 2014).

7 Wynne, “May the Sheep Safely Graze”; Callon et al., Acting in an Uncertain World, 19.

8 Demortain, Scientists and the Regulation of Risk, 2.

9 On insurance as a political technology that utilizes uncertainty as a collective resource, see François Ewald, “Insurance and Risk,” in Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller (eds.) The Foucault Effect (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). When assumptions and boundary conditions are shared by all relevant actors and hard-wired into technology, sociologists say that they are “performative,” i.e. they shape the reality they govern so it confirms the correctness of the assumptions. But even in these cases, they produce ignorance and indeterminacy that can undo them. Donald MacKenzie, Fabian Muniesa, and Lucia Siu, “Introduction,” in their Do Economists Make Markets? On the Performativity of Economics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), 1–19; and Donald MacKenzie, “Is Economics Performative?: Options Theory and the Construction of Derivatives Markets,” in MacKenzie et al., Do Economists Make Markets?, 54–86.

10 Wynne, “Uncertainty and Environmental Learning”; Callon et al., Acting in an Uncertain World, 18–26; Beck, Risk Society, 64–68.

11 Beck, Risk Society, 68.

12 Chauncey Starr, “Social Benefit versus Technological Risk,” Science, 165 (3899) (1969): 1232–8.

13 Malcolm M. Feeley and Jonathan Simon, 1992. “The New Penology: Notes on the Emerging Strategy of Corrections and its Implications,” Criminology, 30 (4): 449–474; Robert Castel, “From Dangerousness to Risk,” in Colin Gordon (ed.) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 281–298; Adam Reich, 2012. “Disciplined Doctors: The Electronic Medical Record and

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