The Case System of Eastern Indo-Aryan Languages by Bornini Lahiri;

Author:Bornini Lahiri; [Lahiri, Bornini]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781000373189
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (Unlimited)
Published: 2021-03-04T16:40:30+00:00

5.2 Markers

Group 1 languages have different genitive markers which depend on the host. All these languages use /ke/ or /kɑ/ to mark the genitive case on nouns.

5.1 ego ɑd̪əmi ke d̪ʊ-go beʈɑ hələiː (Mag)

one man Gen two-Clf son Aux

One man had two sons.

5.2 i ɟʰurɑ oi lərkɑ ke cʰie (Mai)

this bag that boy Gen Aux

This is that boy’s bag.

5.3 kukur ke həddi (Bho)

dog Gen bone

Dog’s bone.

5.4 rɑɟ ke hɑ̃t̪ʰ mẽ d̪ərd̪ cʰɑi (Ang)

Raj Gen hand in/Loc pain Aux

Raj has pain in his hand.

In all these languages, with a singular pronoun /ɑr/ or /ər/ is used. But when the noun is followed by a plural marker then the /ke/ marker is used. In the following sentences the various distributions of the markers can be seen.

5.5 i həm-ər bəstɑ həi (Mag)

this I-Gen bag is

This is my bag.

5.6 i həm-əni ke bəstɑ həi (Mag)

I I-Plu Gen bag is

This is our bag.

5.7 həm-ər matʰa d̪ərd̪ bəiɖʰ gel əicʰ (Mai)

I-Gen head pain increase went Aux

My headache increased.

5.8 ok-ər səb ke cəkkɑ (Mai)

it-Obl all Gen wheel

Their wheel.

5.9 roti se hi həm-ɑr pet bʰər gəil (Bho)

chappati Inst Emph I-Gen stomach fill went

My stomach got filled with the chapatti.

5.10 i t̪ohə-rɑ log-ən ke bəst̪ɑ hət̪e (Bho)

this you-Obl people-Plu Gen bag is

This is your (plural) bag.

5.11 okk-ɑr həddi (Ang)

it-Gen bone

It’s (dog) bone.

5.12 okk-ɑr sɑb ke həddi (Ang)

it-Obl all Gen bone

Their (dogs) bone.

In Group 2 languages the marker for both the nominal and the pronominal objects are the same; in Asamiya it is /- ɔr/, in Bangla it is /-er/ and for Odia it is /-r/.

5.13 nɔd̪i-r pɑni xɑgɔr-ɔr nisinɑ nɔhɔj (Asa)

river-Gen water sea-Gen like Neg

River’s water is not like sea’s water (The water of the river is not like that of the sea).

5.14 ei-boɾ ɑm-ɑr beg (Asa)

this-Plu we-Gen bag

These are our bags.

5.15 bone-r pɑ-e kʰub bæt̪ʰɑ (Ban)

sister-Gen leg-Loc very pain

Sister’s leg has pain in it (My sister’s leg is aching).

5.16 o-r ɟut̪o hɑrie gecʰe (Ban)

(s)he-Gen shoe lost went

Her/his shoe is lost.

5.17 kukur-maŋɔnko-r hɑɽ (Odi)

dog-Plu-Gen bone

Dog’s bone.

5.18 ei-tɑ t̪ɑ-r ɟʰulɑ (Odi)

it-Clf (s)he-Gen bag

It is her/his bag.

However, in Odia it can be seen that the genitive marker is mostly dropped for non-humans. The use of gentive in such a position does not make the sentence ungrammatical, but in fluent speech it is not used in the following constructions.

5.19 t̪ɑ hɑɽ (Odi)

it bone

It’s (dog) bone.

5.20 t̪ɑ-ŋkɔ cɔkkɑ (Odi)

it-Plu wheel

It’s (car’s) wheel.

It may be said that non-human entities are ranked at a lower position in the animacy heicharchy scale, which diminishes their capacity to possess. When the LM is inanimate then it does not possesses the TR in Odia; rather, the LM becomes the body and the TR behaves like a part of the LM. Hence, a compound word construction is formed (see Table 5.1).

Table 5.1 Genitive markers in these languages

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