Solito, Solita: Crossing Borders with Youth Refugees from Central America by Steven Mayers and Jonathan Freedman

Author:Steven Mayers and Jonathan Freedman
Language: eng
Format: mobi
Publisher: Haymarket Books
Published: 2019-04-02T16:00:00+00:00

1.CIVIC stands for Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement. CIVIC has since changed its name to Freedom for Immigrants.

2.Guatemala City is the capital of Guatemala, with a population of 4.5 million in the metro area.

3.Public school is free and compulsory in Guatemala for the first six years. However, expenses, including school uniforms, books, and supplies, are not covered. Partly because of those expenses, and also because public middle and high schools are not available for all students, the average years of schooling for a child in Guatemala is around four years. The country also has the lowest literacy rate in Central America at just under 75 percent.

4.Also known in Central America as La 18, Calle 18, or Barrio 18, this international crime organization started in the Rampart area of Los Angeles, California. See appendix essay on “The Rise of the Maras.”

5.In our expansive conversations with him, Adrián has almost never brought up his daughter. When we ask, he tells us that he is in contact with her and her mother, and that he sends her presents and talks to her on the phone.

6.About $1.92 US in 2012.

7.Arriaga is a municipality of about forty-five thousand people in Chiapas, Mexico’s southernmost state, about 260 kilometers from the Guatemalan border.

8.For more on migrant houses, see appendix essay on “Casas de Migrantes.”

9.Ixtepec is a municipality of twenty-five thousand near Mexico’s southern coast.

10.The Grupos Beta, or Beta Groups, is a service offered by the National Institute of Migration. Its main goal is to protect the human rights of all migrants, regardless of their legal status.

11.DF stands for Distrito Federal Mexico, Mexico City, the national capital of Mexico. Mazatlán is a city on the Pacific coast in the state of Sinaloa, 1,070 kilometers from Mexico City.

12.Fifty thousand quetzales was about $6,402 US in 2012.

13.El Sufrágio, or “the Suffrage,” seems to refer to a street gang. It is not clear whether they are related to the Sinaloa Cartel, a group that the international security community considers the most powerful crime organization in the world.

14.The Calexico-Mexicali metropolitan area is a major border crossing between the state of Baja in Mexico and eastern California in the United States.

15.For more on ICE detention, see appendix essay on “Arrests and Detention in the United States.” For more on Calexico detention, see the appendix essay on “Arrests and Detentions in Mexico.”

16.Baptist Child and Family Services is a seventy-year-old global network of nonprofits that started as a small orphanage system. Today, BCFS establishes emergency shelters for children throughout the world, among other services. Since 2013, BCFS has received hundreds of millions of dollars in grants from the federal government to establish housing for undocumented minors who had been previously held in ICE detention. BCFS has established these shelters throughout Texas and California, though their locations are generally shielded to protect the safety of the minors.

17.Fairfield is a city of over one hundred thousand located halfway between San Francisco and Sacramento.

18.The Huckleberry House is a transitional living residence for homeless teenagers in San Francisco.

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