Race Differences in Ethnocentrism by Edward Dutton

Author:Edward Dutton [Dutton, Edward]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, Political Ideologies, Nationalism & Patriotism, Social Science, Anthropology, Physical, nationalism, IQ, racism, diversity, intelligence, equality, immigration
ISBN: 9781912975259
Google: m-WExAEACAAJ
Amazon: 191297505X
Publisher: Arktos Media Ltd.
Published: 2019-04-09T23:00:00+00:00

8. Testing the Life History Theory Hypothesis

Dutton et al. (2016a) attempted to see if Figueredo et al’s model also contributes to explaining ethnic and racial differences in ethnocentrism. They drew upon already published studies to accrue datasets on proxies for Life History strategy at a country level. These were:

1. CAG repeats on the AR Gene (CAG). Minkov and Bond (2015) tested national differences in Life History strategy using genetic polymorphisms. As part of their study they collected national-level data on the AR gene, which is a known androgen receptor gene and is polymorphic. Higher numbers of CAG repeats (i.e longer CAGs) have been linked to higher insensitivity to testosterone. They drew upon Minkov & Bond (2015) and Dutton et al. (2016b) who extended these data.

2. Androgenic hair (No Androgenic Hair). The level of male androgenic hair indicates higher androgen — that is testosterone — levels and Mid-Phalangeal hair is a proxy for androgenic hair. A large dataset was presented in Dutton et al. (2016b) and we employed this. It recorded the percent of the population with no androgenic hair. As Dutton et al. (2016b) explore, higher levels of testosterone make people more aggressive and are associated with a faster Life History strategy.

3. DRD4 7-Repeat, National Frequency (DRD4). This is a dopamine receptor genes which is associated with many aspects of a fast Life History, such as, on the 7-repeat, impulsiveness, financial risk-taking, gambling, and delinquency. Data was taken from Minkov and Bond (2015).

4. 5HTTLPR S-Allele National Frequency (5HTT). This serotonin transporter gene is associated with sensitivity to context and especially stressful situations. Those possessing the s-form display higher levels of ingroup-bias and out-group hostility in such situations. Data was taken from Minkov and Bond (2015).

5. Life History Strategy-GFI. (LHS) (N = 36). This is a combination of the 3 LIFE HISTORY strategy measures presented by Minkov and Bond (2015).

DRD4 significantly positively correlated with negative ethnocentrism at −0.7. 5HTTLPR did not significantly correlate. In addition, CAG repeat did not significantly correlate with either of the variables and nor did Androgenic hair. However, LHS-GFI did significantly positively correlate with negative ethnocentrism, at 0.3. As noted, DRD4 also did. This implies a genetic basis for negative ethnocentrism in a fast Life History strategy. This being the case, these specific genes do not appear to explain the high levels of positive ethnocentrism that have been observed among Northeast Asians. That said, two markers of slow Life History — having low levels of androgenic hair and shorter CAG repeats on the AR gene — do almost reach significance in their association with positive ethnocentrism. Thus, although more research is required with a larger N to be truly confident in this, a liberal interpretation is that, at the population level, a slow Life History strategy, based on strongly genetic differences, can lead to higher levels of positive ethnocentrism.

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