Progress in Nonlinear Nano-Optics by Shuji Sakabe Christoph Lienau & Rüdiger Grunwald

Author:Shuji Sakabe, Christoph Lienau & Rüdiger Grunwald
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

8.2.3 DLW Inspired by Stimulated-Emission-Depletion Fluorescence Microscopy

One recent development which has successfully and substantially increased the resolution not only of single lines but also of structures is DLW inspired by stimulated-emission-depletion (STED) fluorescence microscopy [15, 16]. In STED-DLW, two laser beams are used; one is used to generate the radicals, and the second beam to deactivate them. Several schemes have been proposed including single-photon (rather than multi-photon) excitation [17], a one-colour scheme [18], and multi-photon two-colour scheme [19, 20]. In addition to increasing the resolution, the possibility to shape the de-activating beam allows the very precise control of the voxel shape, and therefore the polymerization shape. Photonic nanostructures with ultra-high resolution have been made using STED-DLW [19]. However, the implementation of DLW-STED is complicated, requiring very fine beam control and specialized photoinitiators which not only have high two-photon cross-section, but also high fluorescence quantum efficiency [19, 21]. To date, only geometrically simple 3D structures like woodpiles and voxels have been fabricated using this technique.

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