Present Knowledge in Nutrition by MacDonald Ian A. Erdman John W. Zeisel Steven H. & Ian A. Macdonald & Steven H. Zeisel

Author:MacDonald, Ian A., Erdman, John W., Zeisel, Steven H. & Ian A. Macdonald & Steven H. Zeisel
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2012-05-23T16:00:00+00:00

Health Consequences of Obesity

Medical conditions that require immediate intervention (e.g. sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) are increasingly common in obese adolescents (Box 41.1). Whereas at one point diabetes in children was almost entirely type 1, type 2 diabetes now accounts for 44% of all cases of diabetes in children (Nadeau and Dabelea, 2008) as opposed to 95% of diabetes in adults (Campbell, 2009) Eight-four percent of children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese. The high prevalence of obesity in children with type 2 diabetes emphasizes the importance of glucose screening for diabetes in overweight and obese children (American Diabetes Association, 2000; Barlow, 2007).

BOX 41.1 Medical conditions associated with obesity in adolescents

Hypertension

Lipid disorders (especially hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL)

Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Acanthosis nigricans

Metabolic syndrome

Orthopedic problemsSlipped capital femoral epiphysis

Blount’s disease

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