Paramedic Crash Course With Online Practice Test by Christopher Coughlin

Author:Christopher Coughlin [Coughlin, Christopher]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Medical, Allied Health Services, Emergency Medical Services, Test Preparation & Review
ISBN: 9780738612461
Google: 38B-DwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Research & Education Assoc.
Published: 2019-01-16T00:15:56.693523+00:00

VIII.COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS

A.Alcohol

1.Signs and symptoms

i.CNS depression

ii.Slurred speech

iii.Impaired judgment

iv.Unsteady gait

v.N&V

2.Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

i.High mortality rate from seizures, delirium tremens

ii.Can last up to one week

iii.Seizures possible first 24 to 36 hours

iv.Delirium tremens (DTs) possible second to third day of withdrawal

Decreased LOC

Hallucinations

Tremors

N&V

3.Management

i.General management of ALS patients

ii.Consider thiamine.

iii.Consider dextrose for hypoglycemia.

iv.Consider benzodiazepines for DTs to prevent seizures.

v.Benzodiazepines for seizures

B.Methyl alcohol

1.aka wood alcohol and methanol

2.Present in antifreeze, paints, paint remover, windshield washer fluid

3.Abused as a substitute for drinking alcohol (ethanol).

4.Signs and symptoms (12–71 hrs after ingestion)

i.ALOC

ii.N&V

iii.Headache

iv.Dizziness

v.Abdominal pain

vi.Blurred vision

vii.Tachypnea

viii.Bradycardia

ix.Hypotension

x.Coma

5.Management

i.General management of ALS patients

ii.Be alert for hypoglycemia. Dextrose as indicated.

iii.Activated charcoal not indicated.

iv.Consult Poison Control for additional recommendations.

C.Ethylene glycol

1.Found in paint, antifreeze

2.May be abused as substitute for drinking alcohol.

3.Signs and symptoms

i.CNS depression

ii.Intoxicated appearance

iii.N&V

iv.Seizures

v.Coma

vi.Hypertension or hypotension

vii.Pulmonary edema

viii.Acute renal failure

4.Management

i.Same as methyl alcohol

D.Amphetamines/stimulants

1.Examples: Adderall, Ritalin, methamphetamine, bath salts, Benzedrine

2.Signs and symptoms

i.Hyperactivity

ii.Hypertension

iii.Mydriasis

iv.Psychosis

v.Seizures

3.Management

i.General management of ALS patients

ii.Benzodiazepines for seizures

E.Barbiturates

1.Examples: thiopental, phenobarbital

2.Signs and symptoms

i.Decreased LOC, coma

ii.Slurred speech

iii.Nystagmus

iv.Hypotension

v.Respiratory depression

3.Management

i.General management of ALS patients

F.Benzodiazepines

1.Examples: Valium, Xanax, Ativan

2.Signs and symptoms

i.ALOC

ii.Slurred speech

iii.Cardiac dysrhythmias

3.Management

i.General management of ALS patients

ii.Consider activated charcoal.

G.Cocaine

1.Signs and symptoms

i.Euphoria

ii.Tachycardia

iii.Cardiac dysrhythmias

iv.Mydriasis

v.Hyperactivity

vi.Hypertension

vii.Anxiety

viii.Seizures

2.Management

i.General management of ALS patients

ii.Benzodiazepines for seizures

H.Hallucinogens

1.Examples: Ketamine, LSD, MDMA, PCP, peyote

2.Signs and symptoms

i.Psychosis

ii.Incoherent speech

iii.Altered perception

3.Management

i.Heightened scene safety, especially with patients on PCP

ii.General management of ALS patients

I.Opiates (narcotics)

1.Examples: heroin, codeine, morphine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, OxyContin, Vicodin (some contain combination of narcotic and acetaminophen)

2.Signs and symptoms

i.CNS/respiratory depression

ii.Miosis

iii.Hypotension

iv.Bradycardia

v.Coma

3.Management

i.General management of ALS patients

ii.Aggressive ventilatory support

iii.Naloxone

J.Drugs used for sexual enhancement or sexual assault

1.Ecstasy (MDMA)

i.Stimulant drug aka: “E,” “X,” Molly

ii.Signs and symptoms

Stimulant effects (hypertension, tachycardia)

Euphoria

Increased sexuality

Altered perception of time and space

Blurred vision

Hyperthermia

Seizures

iii.Management

General management of ALS patients

Notify law enforcement and receiving hospital if sexual assault suspected.

2.Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)

i.Potent benzodiazepine; aka R2, Roofies, Rope

ii.Signs and symptoms

CNS depression

Sedation

Amnesia

Bradycardia

Respiratory depression

Coma

iii.Management

General management of ALS patients

Notify law enforcement and receiving hospital if sexual assault suspected.

3.Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

i.Produces intoxication similar to alcohol; aka Liquid Ecstasy

ii.Signs and symptoms

Euphoria

Reduced inhibition

Amnesia

Respiratory depression

Coma

iii.Management

General management of ALS patients

Notify law enforcement and receiving hospital if sexual assault suspected

4.Ketamine

i.also called K, Special K, Vitamin K

ii.Potent anesthetic, similar to LSD

iii.Causes hallucinations, amnesia, dissociative state

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