Not Working by David G. Blanchflower

Author:David G. Blanchflower
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2019-05-07T16:00:00+00:00

Figure 8.2. U.S. number of bad mental health days by age. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016, https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/data_documentation/index.htm.

Figure 8.3. U.S. number of bad mental health days by age. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2000, https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/data_documentation/index.htm.

Cumulative Disadvantage and Deaths of Despair

Anne Case and Angus Deaton documented rising mortality rates for white non-Hispanic men and women ages 45–54 in the United States between 1999 and 2013 (Case and Deaton 2015). Death rates for this group rose both absolutely and relative to other racial and ethnic groups. The rising rate of “deaths of despair,” as they call them, is due to drug and alcohol poisoning and suicide, which disproportionately impact the middle-aged but especially white non-Hispanic middle-aged.

Table 8.2 reports death rates from drug poisoning by age in 1999, 2008, and 2015. It shows the white non-Hispanic rate more than tripled between 1999 and 2015. The rate for blacks and Hispanics rose by a lot less. The increase for white non-Hispanic women and men aged 45–54 was especially marked (8 to 32% for women and 13 to 41% for men). Among patients receiving opioid prescriptions for pain, higher opioid doses were associated with increased risk of opioid overdose death.36 Specifically, the risk of drug-related adverse events is higher among individuals prescribed opioids at doses equal to 50 milligrams per day or more of morphine. More is worse, less is better.

Table 8.2. Age-Adjusted Death Rates (%) Due to Drug Poisonings: United States, 1999–2015

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