National Identity and Europe in Times of Crisis by Karner Christian;Kopytowska Monika;

Author:Karner, Christian;Kopytowska, Monika;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited
Published: 2017-08-09T00:00:00+00:00

EU-sceptic

Current development of the EU

Divers

Euro-sceptic

(Further) integration through the Euro, pitfalls of solidarity

Europe of sovereign nations (subsidiarity)

Europe-sceptic

Multiculturalism

pure nations, ethno pluralism

Source: Own representation based on Nestler and Schütt (2014, p. 19).

First, a party could reject the current EU in its seemingly top-down model, its too fast or too slow integration, its foreign policy or even the question if some kind of United States of Europe is the ultimate goal. This list could be extended further. However, the bottom line is that it is a common educated opinion to have a constructive critical view on this matter, and therefore it is normal for parties to be EU-sceptic. A second group will argue especially against the Euro as single currency. The culprit is not the single market, but its possible negative aspects revealed during the Euro-crisis. Financially strong member states, like Germany, had to keep Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Cyprus afloat. As will be shown below, the AfD – especially in 2013 and 2014 – can be counted among these Euro-sceptic parties. Exceeding this amount of criticism are, third, parties which in any case put their respective nation first. The idea of a ‘Europe of sovereign nations’ has an ethno-pluralist tenor and includes racism or in- and out-group-thinking in their programmatic. These parties have to be labelled Europe-sceptic.

Proposing this concept of EU(ro)(pe)-scepticism, no step towards German scientific exceptionalism is taken, but an intuitively usable and easily translatable and transferable way to catch subjective perceptions of speakers in their possible escalating criticism or outright rejection of Europe.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.