Let Workers Move: Using Bilateral Labor Agreements to Increase Trade in Services by Sebastián Sáez

Author:Sebastián Sáez
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: The World Bank

Quantitative Results of the Agreements

In 2002, the first year after the signing of the bilateral agreements, the number of nationals from Colombia and Ecuador entering Spain to work reached 2,070 (1,132 Colombians and 938 Ecuadorians).12 That year, the number of granted authorizations through the quota was 13,914 (3,394 permanent and 10,520 seasonal permits), which implies that only 15 percent of migrants were arriving under ad hoc arrangements with preferential partners.

The number of foreign workers from Colombia and Ecuador increased between 2002 and the year before the global crisis, after which migration declined (figure 4.3). In 2007, the number of foreign workers from Colombia and Ecuador reached its peak of 6,487 (4,336 Colombians and 2,151 Ecuadorians). Only 9.2 percent of the permits granted use the labor quota procedure. Since 2002, about 14,626 Colombians and 6,630 Ecuadorians have entered Spain under the bilateral migratory agreements. These figures represent a small share of the total nationals from the two countries legally residing and working in Spain.

Figure 4.3 Entry of Colombian and Ecuadorian Workers into Spain under Bilateral Labor Agreements, 2002–09

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