Kissinger, Angola and Us-African Foreign Policy: The Unintentional Realist by Steven O'Sullivan

Author:Steven O'Sullivan [O'Sullivan, Steven]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General
ISBN: 9781351022774
Google: ojKoDwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 45287369
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2019-07-25T00:00:00+00:00

See Emtel, AmEmbassy Paris France to SecState Washington, DC, 242023Z, 24 October 1975, Public Library of US Diplomacy, Wikileaks: 1–2.

11 Memorandum from Mulcahy to Bremer, 11 September 1975, Box 19, RG 59, Records of Joseph Sisco, 1951–1976, NARA, Maryland: 2.

12 Memcon, Secretary’s Staff Meeting, 11 September 1975, Transcripts of Henry Kissinger, 1973–1977, NARA, Maryland: 27.

13 Memorandum for the Record, 40 Committee Meeting, Kissinger, Sisco, Colby, Hyland, Cutler, Potts, Fish, Nelson, and Scowcroft, 9 am, 13 September 1975, Document No. 127, Vol. XXVIII, Southern Africa, 1969–1976, FRUS: 312.

14 Ibid.: 307. Kissinger’s ire was in response to Colby informing him that the CIA was sending in weapons that were out of date, mostly World War II material. In response to Colby’s fears, Kissinger snapped “there would be great uproar about CIA not doing anything to block the Communist takeover of an African nation” (ibid.: 306).

15 Ibid. Kissinger’s point on morality was in response to Sisco’s comment that the perceptions of the US would be critical if the operation was exposed as “we are supporting Mobutu who is intervening in a war, publicly. As our role becomes more exposed, how far are we going to go?” (ibid.).

16 Ibid.

17 Ibid.: 308. Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Lieutenant General W. Y. Smith agreed that no American trainers should be used, not even in Zaire (ibid.: 309).

18 Ibid. Hyland remarked “they are not losing because of a lack of equipment” and Fish concurred “Training is the problem” (ibid.).

19 Ibid.: 310–311.

20 Ibid.: 311. Kissinger told Colby “let’s arm and train Cabinda forces and see if we can get something going”.

21 Ibid.: 312.

22 Rob Roy Ratliff, Executive Secretary, Memorandum for the Record, 15 September 1975, Summary of 40 Committee Meeting on Angola, held on 13 September 1975, Box 22, RG 59, Records of Joseph Sisco, 1951–1976, NARA, Maryland: 1.

23 Jussi Hanhimäki, The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 417.

24 Raymond Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1985), 521. Kissinger’s remarks were given at a dinner entitled “The United States and Africa: Strengthening the Relationship” on 23 September 1975. See DOSB, Vol. 73, 13 October 1975: 571–575.

25 Emtel, AmEmb Kinshasa, Zaire to SecState, Washington, DC, 110955Z, 11 October 1975, Zaire to SecState NODIS (2), NSA Country Files, GRFL: 2–3.

26 Emtel, AmEmb Kinshasa, Zaire to SecState, Washington, DC, 110955Z, Section Two, 11 October 1975, Zaire to SecState NODIS (2), NSA Country Files, GRFL: 1.

27 Hanhimäki, The Flawed Architect, 414. South African troops initially advanced into Angola in August 1975 in order to protect the Kunene dam, which was a joint Portuguese-South African venture. See Robin Hallett, “The South African Intervention in Angola, 1975–76,” African Affairs 77 (July 1978): 357.

28 See Emtel, AmEmbassy Monrovia Liberia to SecState Washington, DC, 221655Z, 22 October 1975, Public Library of US Diplomacy, Wikileaks: 2. There is no declassified information available at present to investigate whether the Ford administration had prior knowledge or indeed

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