International Conflicts, 1816-2010 by Douglas M. Gibler

Author:Douglas M. Gibler
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.

365 Russia/640 Turkey

MID#142

Dispute Number: 142

Date(s): July 1821 to August 10, 1821

Participants: 365 Russia/640 Turkey

Outcome (and Settlement): Unclear (None)

Fatalities: None

Narrative: In this particular occasion, the Sultan interpreted a May 1821 joint statement from Russia, Prussia, and Austria that denounced revolutionary principles as a blank check for the Sultan to exercise more authority over Christian subjects in Ottoman-controlled areas. This treatment of Orthodox subjects—namely, the troublesome Greeks—irked Russia, which considered itself the guardian of the Orthodoxy and its various ethnic constituents.

Russia presented the Turks a note condemning the recent treatment of ethnic minorities in the Ottoman Empire and demanded that the Sultan pay restitution for the damaged churches and cease harassment of its ethnic minorities. Turkey refused, and Russia severed relations with Constantinople, withdrawing its minister to Odessa. Relations appeared to remain severed between the Turks and Russians for some time thereafter. It was only until mediation from Britain’s George Canning that the Turks were induced into mollifying their stance in order to avoid what looked to be an inevitable war between both states. This occurred in 1823.

Coding changes: Start Date changed from July 18, 1821.

MID#64

Dispute Number: 64

Date(s): April 5, 1826

Participants: 365 Russia/640 Turkey

Outcome (and Settlement): Yield by side B (Negotiated)

Fatalities: None

Narrative: Though not long into his reign as czar of Russia, Nicholas I had troops amassed at the Prut River. He threatened to cross, citing dissatisfaction with Ottoman efforts to abide by the Treaty of Bucharest regarding Christians in Serbia. The Ottoman Empire was in no position to contest the Russians, as Sultan Mahmud was mired in the War of Greek Independence and had made matters worse by dissolving the Janissaries after the Auspicious Incident in June 1826, potentially creating a formidable domestic enemy. The Ottoman Empire eventually buckled under the pressure and began negotiations in Bessarabia. The negotiations resulted in the Convention of Akkerman.

Coding changes: End Date changed from October 6, 1826.

MID#146

Started in August 1827. See the narrative in the 220 France/640 Turkey dyad dispute list.

MID#189

Dispute Number: 189

Date(s): November 1827 to September 14, 1829

Participants: 365 Russia/640 Turkey

Outcome (and Settlement): Victory for side A (Negotiated)

Fatalities:>999 deaths

Narrative: The Russo-Turkish War from 1828 to 1829 started with the Turks revoking the Akkerman Convention (see MID#064) following Russian participation in the Battle of Navarino (in the War of Greek Independence) on December 20, 1927. Battles started with sieges in Wallachia, with mixed results. Ottoman fortifications in Shumla and Silistria were strong. However, the battles on the Asian front favored Russia. Russians took Anapa and Poti on the Black Sea, Kars, Akhaltsyk, Ardahan, Toprak Kaleh, and Bayazid.

Once Silistria fell on June 19, 1829, the tide of the war turned against the Ottoman Empire. Adrianople (Edirne), the old capital of the Ottoman Empire, surrendered without a fight. At the end of August, Russian forces were in close proximity to Istanbul. Fearful that there would be a revolution in the capital as a result, the Ottoman Empire sued for peace, and Russia, struggling with war fatigue, gladly accepted. Negotiations began at Adrianople (Edirne) and resulted in the Treaty of Adrianople on September 14.

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