Innovative Strategies in Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Accelerated Human Resource Development in South Asia: Nepal by Asian Development Bank;

Author:Asian Development Bank;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Asian Development Bank Institute
Published: 2016-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

D. Innovations and Accomplishments

From 2000 to 2010, Nepal achieved noteworthy accomplishments in TVET:

• Skill training graduates increased from 15,000 to more than 80,000.

• TVET institutions expanded from about 150 to more than 400.

• TVET programs and courses increased from about 45 to more than 225.

• Trained instructors increased from hundreds to thousands.

• Skills testing and certification improved from a few hundred per year to more than 25,000 per year.42

Nepalese TVET is relatively young as a system integrated in education and as a government priority. It started in early 1980s through the Technical School System Plan by replacing the vocational education system in general schools. After the restoration of democracy (early 1950s), the Nepalese system has witnessed some innovations that contribute to its development and expansion:

• Passed in 1989, the TVET Act served as the first breakthrough in TVET, providing an alternative system for career development in education and training.

• The TSLC curriculum changed from 7 + 3 + 143 years to (i) 10 + 244 years + 3–6 months on-the-job training for students with grade 10 pass, and (ii) 15 months + 3–6 months OJT for students with a SLC pass. Most public institutions adopt the first curriculum, and most private schools adopt the second.

• Tribhuvan University (TU) transferred basic- and technician-level programs to CTEVT, and CTEVT took over many programs (e.g., Community Medicine Assistant [CMA], Auxiliary Nurse Midwife [ANM], Health Assistant [HA], Junior Technical Assistant [JTA], Junior Technician [JT]);

• Liberal promotion of private sector participation in TVET resulted in a significant increase in private TVET institutions, from 3 prior to 1991 to 110 in 2000 and more than 400 in 2010.

• Development of polytechnic institutions, expansion of technical diploma programs, initiation of annex programs (annexing technical education in general schools), exemplary vocational training and community development (VTCD) programs for the barely literate rural population, development of trade schools in public–private partnership (PPP) model programs in partnership with FNCCI, significant increase in sponsored vocational skill training programs (almost 95% vocational skill training programs are sponsored45).

• Nepal adopted a uniform and coordinated system of TVET curriculum development, applying the Development of a Curriculum (DACUM)46 process to the competency-based training (CBT) model.

• NSTB developed a trusted and recognized skills testing and certification program.

• TITI developed a trusted and recognized system of training instructors, curriculum development specialists, training institution managers, and trainers.

• The skill and concept cards system was applied to the quality of delivering instruction and training in many countries outside Nepal (TITI experience).

• All projects and donors/financiers accept graduate employment rate as an indicator of the success of TVET programs. This was a big turning point for Nepal and an important element for the development of TVET (e.g., SEP and Employment Fund experiences).

• Nepal accepted the vocational pathways concept for overall integration of the education and training system, career development, a systematic approach in TVET, accommodating all forms of school education exits and out-of-school youths toward TVET, and striving for the NVQF (TfE Project experience).

• Local financing of TVET is an innovation in TVET sustainability (TfE Project experience).

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.