Inherent and Contemporary Challenges to African Security by Manu Lekunze

Author:Manu Lekunze
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030269258
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Most IDPs, refugees and asylum seekers originating from sub-Saharan Africa settle in Africa. This has an impact on the identity issues discussed in the sections above. In fact, over 3 per cent of Chadian and Ugandan populations are made up of refugees (IMF 2019, 30). This is significantly high compared to other parts of the world. The number of IDPs continues to grow (rising from less than 2 million to more than 10 million over the past two decades). The number of IDPs stands at over 4.4 million in the DRC, 1.9 million in South Sudan and 1.7 million in Nigeria. These figures are only comparable to conflict ravaged countries such as Syria and Iraq. In 2017, IDP and refugee figures stood at 6.2 million and 2.6 million, respectively (IMF 2019, 30).

Migration, for instance, has the potential to threaten communal identity and culture, in its ability to directly alter the ethnic, cultural religious and linguistic composition of the population. Indeed, Buzan argues that most of our modern-day societies are a product of earlier human migrations. Most Cameroonian towns and cities are made up of a mixture of more than 150 ethnic groups. ‘Migrants are usually welcomed, and the cultural diversity that they bring is celebrated up to a point. Beyond a certain level, migration becomes a question of numbers and the locals (indigenes) can feel overwhelmed. A significant migrant influx may threaten the ability of the existing society to reproduce itself in a manner which the locals are accustomed to’ (Buzan 1991, 447). Inter-tribal skirmishes as a result of the influx of new people into tribal areas are witnessed in Cameroon from time to time (Nyamnjoh 1999). There is the long-standing dislike of the so-called Graffi people in the South West Region of Cameroon. African scholars have often highlighted the politics of autochthony or indigeneity and belonging.

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