Fast Track by The Princeton Review

Author:The Princeton Review [The Princeton Review]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Random House Children's Books
Published: 2021-03-23T00:00:00+00:00

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

The behavior of gases can be explained by a model called the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT). KMT is based on the following five postulates described here:

DEFINITION OF STP CONDITIONS

✶ STP stands for standard temperature and pressure.

✶ It is defined to be 0°C (273 K) and 1 atm.

✶ At STP, 1 mol of any gas will occupy 22.4 L of the volume of a container. This is called molar volume.

DEVIATIONS FROM THE IDEAL GAS LAW

In order for a gas to be ideal, its behavior must follow the Kinetic-Molecular Theory (and corresponding gas laws). Nonideal (i.e., real) gases often deviate from this theory due to real-world conditions. The ideal gas law equation functions well when the gas particles themselves do not occupy an appreciable part of the volume and when intermolecular attractions between gas particles are negligible. These criteria are satisfied under conditions of low pressure and high temperature, respectively.

On the other hand, when a gas is in a situation where its particles are crowded such as at high pressures or low temperature (i.e., high density) the behavior of gases will deviate from what is predicted by the Ideal Gas Law.

AT HIGH PRESSURES:

AT LOW TEMPERATURES:

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