Daoism and Anarchism by Rapp John A.;

Author:Rapp, John A.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Published: 2012-08-13T16:00:00+00:00

Notes

1For example, see Kalpana Misra, From Post-Maoism to Post-Marxism: The Erosion of Official Ideology in Deng’s China, passim.

2For the most prominent and recent versions of this view, see Harrison E. Salisbury, The New Emperors: China in the Era of Mao and Deng, and most spectacularly, Mao’s personal physician, Li Zhisui, in his The Private Life of Chairman Mao. Another scholar who combines a view of Mao as similar to imperial rulers with the view of him as a genuine social revolutionary is Stuart Schram, who uses the metaphor of “modernizing despot.” See Schram, “Mao Zedong a Hundred Years on: The Legacy of a Ruler,” 125–43. Finally, see Andrew and Rapp, Autocracy and China’s Rebel Founding Emperors, passim, which compares Mao with Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty.

3Mao Tse-tung, Selected Works of Chairman Mao I: 21–59, especially 45–9.

4Mao, “On the Ten Great Relationships” (April 25, 1956), Translated in Stuart Schram, Chairman Mao Talks to the People: Talks and Letters: 1956–1971, 61–83.

5Mao, “Comment at the Working Conference of the Central Committee at Beidaihe” (August 6, 1962), 28, and “Speech at the Tenth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the CCP” (September 24, 1962), in Mao, Mao Zedong sixiang wansui! (Long Live the Thought of Chairman Mao!), (1969): 430–6, translated in Chinese Law and Government, 1(4) (Winter 1968–9): 85–93.

6Mao, “Some Problems Currently Arising in the Course of the Rural Socialist Education Movement” (“The Twenty-three Articles”), translated in Richard Baum and Frederick Teiwes, Ssu-ch’ing: The Socialist Education Movement 1962–66, 118–26.

7Mao, “Chairman Mao Discusses Twenty Manifestations of Bureaucracy,” 40–3, cited in Richard Kraus, Classes and Class Conflict in Chinese Socialism, 74; also translated in Andrew and Rapp, 231–4.

8Mao, “Draft Resolution of the Central Committee of the CCP on Some Problems in the Current Rural Work” (“The First Ten Points”) (May 20, 1963), in Mao, Mao Zedong zhuzo uandu (Selected Readings from the Writings of Mao Zedong), translated in Baum and Teiwes, Ssu-ch’ing, 65.

9Mao, “Comment on Criticism and Self-criticism,” People’s Daily (December 22, 1967), cited in Jerome Ch’en, Mao Papers, 150.

10Mao, “Draft Resolution of the Central Committee of the CCP,” translated in Baum and Teiwes, Ssu-ch’ing, 65.

11Mao, “Constitution of the Anshan Iron and Steel Company” (January 22, 1960), reprinted in Beijing Review, 13(16) (April 17, 1960): 3.

12As noted, for example, by John Bryan Starr, Continuing the Revolution: The Political Thought of Mao, 161–2; and Andrew Nathan, Chinese Democracy, xii.

13For example, see Mao, “Letter to Jiang Qing,” partially translated in China News Analysis (Hong Kong): 907 (1966): 7.

14In his famous Yanan interview of 1935, Mao admitted to Edgar Snow that he had read many anarchist pamphlets in late 1918 and “favored many of its [anarchism’s] proposals.” See Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China, 152. Other sources claim that Mao was in fact an anarchist or worked in anarchist organizations in late 1919 and early 1920 when he even considered founding an anarchist society and called himself an anarchist to his friends. See Robert Payne, Mao Tse-tung, Ruler of Red China, 55 and Maurice Meisner, Mao Zedong: A Political and Intellectual Portrait, 14–16.

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