Bedford Glossary of Critical & Literary Terms by Ray Supryia & Murfin Ross

Author:Ray, Supryia & Murfin, Ross
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
Published: 2017-12-28T16:00:00+00:00

An example of photomontage.

Historical photos are combined to create the photomontage. The caption of the poster reads, “WHO WILL LIVE IN GREENBELT TOWNS?” The historical photos are as follows: a Man sitting inside a car; a man teaching a little boy; a bus driver; a woman writing; many images of police officers and men in uniform; a woman doctor checking a baby with A stethoscope. A text in the photomontage reads “SUBSTANTIAL CITIZENS.”

Examples of cinematic montage based on the Kuleshov effect include the classic “Odessa Steps scene” in The Battleship Potemkin (1925), directed by Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov, and the famous “shower scene” in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho (1960), which was assembled from approximately one hundred different film cuts.

Examples of literary montage include James Joyce’s novel Ulysses (1922); Harlem Renaissance writer Jean Toomer’s Cane (1923); and T. S. Eliot’s poem The Waste Land (1920), in which Eliot combines his own poetry with lines from several Renaissance plays, lyrics from nineteenth-century opera and twentieth-century popular songs, words from the Buddha’s “Fire Sermon” and a Hindu Upanishad, advertising slogans, and the traditional closing call used in British pubs. Christiane Paul’s Unreal City: A Hypertextual Guide to T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land (1996) offers a hypertext montage commentary on Eliot’s famous poem. Shelley Jackson’s The Patchwork Girl (1995) is a work of hypertext fiction employing literary montage.

Rapper Snoop Dogg blended literary montage and musical medley in “This City” (2015), interweaving allusions and clichés including: “They built this city,” “Milk and honey,” “Rags to riches,” “American pie,” “living that life,” “Bright lights we made it,” “neon sky,” “grab your money,” “Little bit of joy with a lot of pain,” and “Ask me again, I tell you the same.”

mood: Defined by some critics as synonymous with atmosphere, by others as synonymous with tone, and by still others as synonymous with both. Atmosphere refers to the general feeling created for the reader or audience by the work at a given point, whereas tone refers to the attitude of the author toward the reader, audience, or subject matter. The atmosphere of a work may be entirely different from the tone, although the two inevitably affect one another. Mood is probably closer to atmosphere than to tone, but, as a general term, it can correctly be applied to either. One could say that an author creates a somber mood, thereby using it as a synonym for atmosphere; one could also say that an author’s mood is somber, thereby using it as a synonym for tone.

morality play: A medieval drama using allegory to make a moral point. Morality plays, which arose in the late fourteenth century, combined the religious dramatic tradition of mystery and miracle plays with the allegorical form. The genre flourished in England in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries and was also popular in continental Europe, especially France and the Netherlands.

Morality plays typically were religiously oriented, with a protagonist who represented humanity and a cast of other characters including angels, demons, and personified vices and virtues struggling for the protagonist’s soul.

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