Audio Processing and Speech Recognition by Soumya Sen & Anjan Dutta & Nilanjan Dey

Author:Soumya Sen & Anjan Dutta & Nilanjan Dey
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811360985
Publisher: Springer Singapore

In time-domain signal analysis, the zero-crossing rate (ZCR) [2] is defined as the number of times the amplitude of the signal changes sign in one frame. For a single-voiced source, the fundamental frequency is estimated from zero crossings. In case of complex sounds, it is a measure of the presence of noise in the signal. Zero-crossing rate is a basic measure of the frequency content in the signal. ZCR could be represented as follows:

where x(n) is the discrete audio signal

The speech signal is less periodic than music or instrumental sounds. ZCR of music or instrumental sounds has less fluctuation or more constant than speech waveform.(ii)Spectral Centroid

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