Africa's New Energy Producers by Cooke Jennifer G.;Goldwyn David L.; & David L. Goldwyn

Author:Cooke, Jennifer G.;Goldwyn, David L.; & David L. Goldwyn
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781442240629
Publisher: ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD

FOOTNOTES

1. ActionAid Ghana, Investment Incentives in Ghana: The Cost to Socio-Economic Development (Accra: ActionAid, February 2014), http://www.actionaid.org/sites/files/actionaid/investment-tax_incentives_in_ghana_-_an_actionaid_research_report.pdf.

2. Alexander Keepin, Lisa O’Neill, and Theo Jones, “The deal risks of a disputed tax bill: Tullow Uganda v. Heritage Oil and Gas,” Berwin Leighton Paisner LLP, September 4, 2013, http://www.blplaw.com/expert-legal-insights/articles/the-deal-risks-of-a-disputed-tax-bill-tullow-uganda-v-heritage-oil-and-gas.

3. Pascal Fletcher and Peroshni Govender, “Mozambique to offer new oil and gas licenses after law rejig,” Reuters, August 15, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/15/mozambique-gas-idUSL6N-0QL1LH20140815.

4. Nina Howell, “East Africa: Tanzania introduces new model Production Sharing Agreement and Mozambique prepares to enact new Petroleum Law,” King & Spalding Energy Newsletter, January 2014, http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2014/January/article3.html.

5. Katrina Manson, “Tanzania faces delays to export natural gas,” Financial Times, June 10, 2014, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4c189b4a-f080-11e3-b112-00144feabdc0.html?siteedition=intl#axzz3EvrdWf6R.

6. Anthony Long, “Tanzania’s Natural Gas Policy,” King & Spalding Energy Newsletter, February 2014, http://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2014/February/article4.html.

7. Moses Mulondo, “Why Speaker left oil debate to her deputy,” New Vision (Kampala), December 8, 2012, http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/637960-why-speaker-left-oil-debate-to-her-deputy.html.

8. International Chamber of Commerce Commercial Crimes Ser vice, “IMB [International Maritime Bureau] warns of West Africa piracy threat,” March 7, 2014, https://www.icc-ccs.org/news/911-imb-warns-of-west-africa-piracy-threat.

9. Annual average production in South Sudan was 340,000 bpd in 2011. Today it is estimated between 150,000 to 160,000 bpd. In January 2012, the government of South Sudan deliberately shut down all oil production to gain leverage in a dispute with Sudan, and subsequent military clashes between Sudanese and South Sudanese forces in oil-producing Unity State did major infrastructural damage. In 2013, average annual production was some 130,000 bpd, but by the third quarter, production had recovered to some extent, reaching 240,000 bpd, according to the South Sudan petroleum ministry. According to the EIA, the country is unlikely to reach 2011 production levels any time soon because of physical damage, maturing fields, and lack of new exploration caused by insecurity. See Ilya Grindeff, “Aid Workers Caught in Crossfire of Civil War in South Sudan,” Bloomberg, October 2, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-10-01/aid-workers-are-caught-in-crossfire-of-civil-war-in-south-sudan.html; and EIA, “Country Analysis Brief: Sudan and South Sudan,” updated September 3, 2014, http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/Sudan/sudan.pdf.

10. “Ghana: Government should watch these risks to the economy,” Africa Growth Institute, 2002, http://www.africagrowth.com/news_article269.htm.

11. Robert Looney, “Can Ghana’s Democracy Save It from the Oil Curse?,” Foreign Policy, May 1, 2014, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/05/01/can_ghanas_democracy_save_it_from_the_oil_curse.

12. Washington Akumu, “Tullow Oil’s woes in Turkana expose the soft underbelly of EA,” The East African (Nairobi), November 9, 2013, http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Tullow-Oil-woes-in-Turkana-expose-the-soft-underbelly-of-EA/-/2560/2066904/-/4jyjr9z/-/index.html.

13. For more information, see Emily Greenspan, Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in Africa: An Emerging Standard for Extractive Industry Projects (Boston, MA: Oxfam America, January 2014), http://www.oxfamamerica.org/static/media/files/community-consent-in-africa-jan-2014-oxfam-americaAA.PDF.

14. UN Development Program, “Human development index (HDI),” 2014, http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi-table.

15. EIA, “Brazil Energy Profile: 8th Largest Energy Consumer in World—Analysis,” Eurasia Review, October 1, 2013, http://www.eurasiareview.com/01102013-brazil-energy-profile-8th-largest-energy-consumer-world-analysis/.

16. For a thorough discussion of Mexico’s local content requirements as established in its new energy reforms, see David L. Goldwyn, Neil R. Brown, and Megan Reilly Cayten, Mexico’s Energy Reform: Ready to Launch (Washington, DC: Atlantic Council, August 2014), 20– 21, http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/files/MexEnRefReadytoLaunch_FINAL_8.25._1230pm_launch.pdf.

17. Remarks by President Obama at the University of Cape Town, June 30, 2013, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/06/30/remarks-president-obama-university-cape-town.

18. Patrick Atuanya, “Failure to move on gas keeps power generation stuck at 3,000 MW,” Business Day, August 4, 2014, http://businessdayonline.com/2014/08/failure-to-move-on-gas-keeps-power-generation-stuck-at-3000-mw/#.VC2jKOe6_M1.

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