Afghanistan Transport Sector Master Plan Update (2017-2036) by Asian Development Bank;

Author:Asian Development Bank;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Asian Development Bank Institute
Published: 2017-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

Total land area (square kilometers [km2])

300

Registered vehicle fleet

520,000

Share in total land area

0.05%

Share in total population

12.3%

Share in gross domestic product

25.0%

Share in vehicle fleet

0.0%

Population density (people per km2)

12,333

Country population density (people per km2)

46.0

People per Kabul vehicle fleet

7.1

Source: Geohive. Afghanistan: Administrative Units, Extended. http://www.geohive.com/cntry/afghanistan_ext.aspx (accessed October 2015).

71. Lack of infrastructure investment and noncompliance with land use regulations have resulted in uncoordinated development, limited space for public facilities, traffic congestion, poor access to social services, and insecure neighborhoods. Poor air quality has become an increasing challenge. Weak traffic discipline and enforcement of traffic rules create chaotic situations, not limited to peak hours. During winter, households living in informal settlements resort to burning raw coal, generating toxic emissions that, in combination with emissions from motor vehicles, make Kabul one of most polluted cities in the world.46 According to the Afghanistan National Development Strategy, other challenges and constraints include

•low coverage of basic services and inadequate public resources to meet growing needs;

•widespread urban poverty and limited access to productive employment;

•lack of capacity and coordination among urban sector institutions;

•limited scale of private sector investment in urban enterprises, facilities, or services;

•land security and titling issues, including absence of a proper land registration system, land grabbing, and inadequate legal instruments and institutions; and

•lack of funds due to donors’ limited interest in the urban sector.47

72. Returning refugees and rural–urban migrants have caused urban sprawl and growth of informal settlements and increased Kabul’s population density, which is among the highest in Asia (Table 7). As a result of sprawl, Kabul’s population densities are higher in the periphery than in the inner city, where most of the businesses are located.

Table 7: Population Density in Selected Asian Cities

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