Tolkien's Lost Chaucer by John M. Bowers

Author:John M. Bowers
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9780192580306
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Published: 2019-08-28T16:00:00+00:00

1 For the main body of Notes recovered from OUP archives, see Bodleian MS Tolkien A 39/2/1, fols. 6–71 (Romaunt to Legend of Cleopatra), and A 39/2/2, fols. 72–143 (Legend of Cleopatra to Reeve’s Tale).

2 Tolkien and Gordon, eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 115, mention how Geoffrey of Monmouth represented ‘Merlin to be the son of a nun and an incubus’.

3 Green, Elf Queens, 3, 16; see also his chapter 3, ‘Incubi Fairies’, 76–109.

4 C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), 125, and The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (1950; New York: HarperCollins, 1978), 151.

5 Biography, 193; Carpenter reported seeing two typewriters in his garage office when he visited Tolkien at home in 1967; see also SH 2:261–7 ‘Composition’. Tolkien wrote in 1964 that ‘I like typewriters’ and hoped for an electric one that could produce Fëanorian script.

6 Tolkien Family Album, 72. The machine had interchangeable typefaces on a revolving disc to produce Old English ϸ and æ as well as italics.

7 J. R. R. Tolkien, The Peoples of Middle-Earth, ed. Christopher Tolkien (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1996), ‘Late Writings’, 294.

8 Lee, ‘Manuscripts’, in Companion, ed. Lee, 62–5.

9 These notes on Chaucer’s Parlement survive separately in Bodleian MS Tolkien A 38/2, fols. 96–126, the first two pages added when Tolkien began lecturing on the work in January 1948 (SH 1:348).

10 Tolkien, Return of the Shadow, 1.

11 Bodleian MS Tolkien A 39/2/1, fols. 1–5.

12 Anne Middleton, ‘Life in the Margins, or What’s an Annotator to Do?’, New Directions in Textual Studies, ed. Dave Oliphant and Robin Bradford (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990), 167–83 at p. 169.

13 Tolkien, Leaf by Niggle, in Poems and Stories, 195.

14 Letter to R. W. Chambers quoted by Brewer, Editing ‘Piers Plowman’, 105.

15 He added this note in the finished text of The Book of the Duchess (836) at some later date: ‘This is a feeble line metrically. Possibly espied hadde is nearer to what Chaucer wrote.’

16 Shippey, ‘Introduction’, in Roots and Branches, p. iv.

17 Tolkien, Peoples of Middle-Earth, p. x. Letters, 52–3, provided a rare instance of ‘autobiography’ when Tolkien described to his son Michael his courtship and marriage to Edith.

18 Bodleian MS Tolkien A 39/2/1, fols. 6–8.

19 Composing Farmer Giles and Smith of Wootton Major at the typewriter departed from Tolkien’s normal practice; see Biography, 244, and SH 3:1215–16. Christopher reported that other late writings were drafted at the keyboard; see Peoples of Middle-Earth, 294.

20 Unwin, ‘Publishing Tolkien’, 73.

21 Biography, 143, quotes C. S. Lewis on Tolkien’s habits of revision.

22 Marjorie Burns, ‘Tracking the Elusive Hobbit (in Pre-Shire Den)’, Tolkien Studies 4 (2007), 200–11.

23 Tolkien, Sauron Defeated, 132.

24 Tolkien and Gordon, eds., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 81, also alludes to Chaucer’s Prologue to the Legend of Good Women.

25 Tolkien valued this plotline: ‘I think the simple “rustic” love of Sam and his Rosie (nowhere elaborated) is absolutely essential to the study of his (the chief hero’s) character’ (Letters, 161).

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