Fascism: Comparison and Definition by Stanley G. Payne

Author:Stanley G. Payne [Payne, Stanley G.]
Language: eng
Format: epub, azw3, pdf
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press
Published: 1980-04-01T00:00:00+00:00

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

The major qualification normally applied to Czechoslovakia in discussions of interwar Europe is that it was the only functional democracy east of Germany. Even though both the government and economy of the country were Czech-dominated, this qualification remains formally correct. Since Germany’s was the only democratic system to succumb to a fascist-type movement after Italy, little support for such movements might have been expected in Czechoslovakia, and this was indeed the case. There were two overtly fascistic Czech parties, the National Fascist Community (NOF, organized in 1926), and the Czech National Socialist Camp (Vlajka), which developed in the 1930s. In an urban, industrial setting of modem parliamentary democracy where the workers clung to socialism and most of the middle classes to variants of liberalism, these two small derivative groups had no opportunity to flourish.23

Much more significant was the partial fascistization of the Slovak People’s Party, the principal political force in Slovakia throughout this period. It eventually became the beneficiary of Hitler’s destruction of the Czech state and the creation of a separate satellite Slovakia. The Slovak People’s Party was originally a moderate conservative and somewhat authoritarian Catholic populist-nationalist party oriented toward corporatism, and it never lost this primary coloring, although it was to some extent influenced by Nazification after 1938.24

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