100 Posters That Changed The World by Salter Colin T.;

Author:Salter, Colin T.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Pavilion Books

During the Siege of Madrid in 1936, Communist activist Dolores Ibárruri Gómez, gave an impassioned speech including the phrase “No pasarán” or “they shall not pass,” an echo of French General Robert Nivelle at Verdun in 1916. Nivelle’s phrase, “On ne passe pas” was also used in patriotic posters. When Franco marched into a defeated Madrid in April 1939, he is said to have declared, “Hemos pasado” – “we have passed.”

Pan American Clippers

(1939-1942)

Pan American’s magnificent Boeing 314 seaplane, the Clipper, was the epitome of luxury air travel in the few years between its introduction and America’s entry into World War II. The posters for its routes offered exciting destinations for the wealthy tourist.

Pan Am launched its flying boat services to South America in 1931. Over the next six years the airline added routes across the Pacific and the Atlantic; but it was clear that it was going to need a fleet of larger aircraft; and in 1936 Boeing won the contract to build an adaptation of its cancelled XB-15 long-range bomber prototype, with luxury accommodation for seventy-seven paying passengers. There were separate lounging and dining compartments and the seats could be transformed into beds for thirty-six. Passengers were encouraged to change for dinner, in separate male and female dressing rooms. Flight attendants changed for dinner too, into white coats, in which they served up to six courses cooked to four-star hotel standards. Staff were recruited only from the most experienced of Pan Am’s pilots, navigators and cabin crews.

None of this came cheap. When the inaugural flight, from San Francisco to Hong Kong, took off on 23 February 1939, each of its passengers had paid $760 for the privilege, the equivalent of over $14,000 today. The trip took only six days compared to nearly three weeks by ship. Actual flying time was around nineteen hours, but the need to refuel and replenish required stops at Pearl Harbor, Midway Island, Wake Island, Guam, and Manila. As if the luxury of scheduled flights wasn’t enough, the Rio service was offered in 1941 in the manner of a sea cruise, stopping at nine glamorous destinations en route from Miami – Cuba, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Trinidad, San Juan in Puerto Rico, Guyana, Pará, Recife and Bahia – and finishing with three days in the Brazilian city.

Little wonder that Pan Am insisted its new aircraft be prominently displayed in the promotional posters for the routes it served. Each empty seat represented a large potential loss of revenue and so Pan Am were keen to portray the glamorous, exotic opportunity their service promised to deliver. The Clipper, so called because it criss-crossed the oceans like the old tea clipper ships in the age of sail, opened up the world to the pleasure-seeking rich as never before.

The route to New Zealand island-hopped across the South Seas. Two Atlantic timetables were introduced later in 1939, one to Lisbon and one to Southampton via New Brunswick, Newfoundland and the Shannon estuary in Ireland. The Clipper service was a flagship for all of Pan Am’s routes and it heralded a new era of airborne tourism.

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