Transport and Town Planning by Laterrasse Jean;

Author:Laterrasse, Jean;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Published: 2019-03-19T00:00:00+00:00

5.3. Major levers of action

First, it is important to recall the systemic nature of a town: this implies that a lever of action can hardly be isolated as such, and that its effectiveness can vary depending on the context and/or the manner in which it is solicited. We will have the opportunity to come back to this topic more concretely and more specifically in what follows. In Chapter 6, we also present the results of a simulation that enabled us to estimate, in the case of the Ile-de-France region, the respective orders of magnitude of effects associated with different levers of action.

Considering this principle, it is nevertheless possible, and undoubtedly useful, to identify actions or sets of actions that can have positive effects on the evolutionary trajectories of urban systems in relation to the challenges of climate change. They can be classified into four major groups, with an attempt to establish a hierarchy between them that concerns both the potential importance of their effects and implementation temporalities; these two elements generally vary in the same direction (significant effects mean structural and sustainable action).

In the first group, we consider planning measures, which significantly affect land use, location and spatial articulation of major urban functions. In the second group, we classify the specific measures of the transport system, which most often complement planning actions or, even better, are an integral part of them, but can also be apprehended autonomously; we discuss some modes such as cycling or some specific activities, such as transportation of goods within the city. In the third group, we discuss a tariff and regulatory measures, which are likely to affect the use of public space, particularly daily travel and choice of transport modes. Finally, in the fourth group, we discuss the possible impact of new technologies.

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