The Process of Psychotherapy by Wolfgang Tschacher & Hermann Haken

Author:Wolfgang Tschacher & Hermann Haken
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030127480
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

6.6 Deterministic and Stochastic Interventions Versus Specific Techniques and Common Factors of Psychotherapy: How Are They Related?

In Chap. 3, we mentioned the current debate (Wampold & Imel, 2015) in psychotherapy research: one group of scientists considers the nonspecific “common factors” as the major forces of therapeutic change, whereas the other group maintains that specific techniques are responsible for change. It has already become clear in our discussion that neither of the two groups can ultimately prevail because the nonspecific and specific change factors are both necessary ingredients of psychotherapy and commonly depend on one another in a hierarchical fashion. Unspecific common factors unfold their impact at a level that differs from the specific-technique level of intervention. At the same time, however, the higher level depends on the lower level so that we are confronted with coexistence rather than clear-cut antagonism. This is represented by the vertical arrows in Fig. 6.3. Common factors, i.e., contextual interventions, and techniques, i.e., specific interventions, however, have different profiles of action. Together with the stochastic inputs, this amounts to a three-factor conceptualization of therapeutic interventions and impacts.

Fig. 6.3Diagram of how the traditional distinction of common factors versus specific techniques (red boxes) relates to the Fokker-Planck model (blue boxes). Common factors and specific techniques are located at different levels of the hierarchy of therapeutic interventions (vertical arrows). Common factors have deterministic effects of the contextual type, whereas techniques have specific deterministic effects

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