The Nexus of Biofuels, Climate Change, and Human Health: Workshop Summary by Robert Pool

Author:Robert Pool
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: The National Academies Press
Published: 2014-04-16T00:00:00+00:00

TABLE 6-1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Corn-Grain Ethanol Relative to Gasoline as Determined by the EPA

NOTE: * = meets 20 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for corn ethanol; + = higher greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline;-=lower greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline. Dried distillers grains with solubles is a feed co-product produced in wet and dry forms as a result of ethanol production.

SOURCE: EPA, 2010.

Figure 6-1 shows how models from the EPA, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) each project that the 2022 mandate will be met. Although all agree that 15 billion gallons of corn-based ethanol will be produced by 2022, they agree on little else. The EPA model, for example, expects that ethanol made from perennial grasses will make up a major portion of the advanced biofuels mandate—nearly 8 billion gallons—while DOE’s model sees perennial grasses contributing barely more than 3 billion gallons. The USDA model expects more than 7 billion gallons of ethanol per year to be produced from sweet sorghum and other annual energy crops, while DOE’s and the EPA’s models predict very little, if any, ethanol to come from this source. The EPA’s model expects almost 5 billion gallons of biofuels from municipal solid wastes and imported sources, while those sources are almost nonexistent in the USDA’s and DOE’s model projections. In short, Hill said, there are very large differences in how the industry is projected to develop, even among federal agencies.

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