Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence 2017 by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783319964485
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

22Luger’s book revolves around a fundamental distinction between what he calls weak problem-solving versus strong problem-solving.

23There are a few exceptions. Hummel (2010) has explained that sophisticated and powerful forms of symbolic learning, ones aligned with second-order logic, are superior to associative forms of learning. Additionally, there’s one clear historical exception, but it’s now merely a sliver in psychology (specifically, in psychology of reasoning), and hence presently has insufficient adherents to merit inclusion in the ontology we now proceed to canvass. We refer here to the type of learning over the years of human development and formal education posited by Piaget; e.g. see (Inhelder and Piaget 1958). Piaget’s view, in a barbaric nutshell, is that, given solid academic education, nutrition, and parenting, humans develop the capacity to reason with and even eventually over first-order and modal logic—which means that such humans would develop the capacity to learn in fashion, in school. Since attacks on Piaget’s view, starting originally with those of Wason and Johnson-Laird (e.g. see Wason and Johnson-Laird 1972), many psychologists have rejected Piaget’s position. For what it’s worth, Bringsjord has defended Piaget; see e.g. (Bringsjord et al. 1998).

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