Parallel Worlds by Kaku Michio

Author:Kaku, Michio [Kaku, Michio]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Anchor
Published: 2006-03-14T06:00:00+00:00

The strengths of the weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces are quite different in our everyday world. However, at energies found near the big bang, the strengths of these forces should converge perfectly. This convergence takes place if we have a supersymmetric theory. Thus, supersymmetry may be a key element in any unified field theory.

Although supersymmetry represents a powerful idea, at present there is absolutely no experimental evidence to support it. This may be because the superpartners of the familiar electrons and protons are simply too massive to be produced in today’s particle accelerators. However, there is one tantalizing piece of evidence that points the way to supersymmetry. We know now that the strengths of the three quantum forces are quite different. In fact, at low energies, the strong force is thirty times stronger than the weak force, and a hundred times more powerful than the electromagnetic force. However, this was not always so. At the instant of the big bang, we suspect that all three forces were equal in strength. Working backward, physicists can calculate what the strengths of the three forces would have been at the beginning of time. By analyzing the Standard Model, physicists find that the three forces seem to converge in strength near the big bang. But they are not precisely equal. When one adds supersymmetry, however, all three forces fit perfectly and are of equal strength, precisely what a unified field theory would suggest. Although this is not direct proof of supersymmetry, it shows at least that supersymmetry is consistent with known physics.

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