On Literature and Philosophy: The Non-Fiction Writing of Naguib Mahfouz: Volume 1 (Non-Fiction Writings of Naguib Mahfouz) by Naguib Mahfouz

On Literature and Philosophy: The Non-Fiction Writing of Naguib Mahfouz: Volume 1 (Non-Fiction Writings of Naguib Mahfouz) by Naguib Mahfouz

Author:Naguib Mahfouz [Mahfouz, Naguib]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781909942783
Publisher: The Gingko Library
Published: 2015-11-14T23:00:00+00:00


1. Bieth’s critique rejected the notion that animals possessed any psychological life.4 He did not accept that either feelings or thoughts were present in them.

2. Herbert Spencer Jennings’ critique did not accept the aforementioned notion of tropisms. In his mind the organism does not perform simple movements like these; rather, it moves by its own power, devoid of feelings of either pleasure or pain. He attributes tropisms to reflex movements, i.e., reflexes. These reflex movements consist of agitation which is accompanied by movements; but this a nervous agitation, and movement is no different from that which we term ‘tropisms’.



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