Occupational Health Psychology: Work, Stress, and Health by Schonfeld PhD. MPH Irvin Sam. & Cigularov Konstantin. PhD & Chang Chu-Hsiang. PhD

Author:Schonfeld PhD. MPH, Irvin Sam. & Cigularov, Konstantin., PhD & Chang, Chu-Hsiang., PhD
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Published: 2017-01-04T16:00:00+00:00

1 The term “mobbing” was borrowed from the work of ethologist Konrad Lorenz (1967) who used it to describe the counteroffensive of social animals that are ordinarily prey to a predator. As a group, the social animals turn on the predator to kill, wound, or “drive it so far away that it will hunt somewhere else” (p. 23). The term in ethology does not accurately translate to the context of human behavior because among humans, the individuals who engage in mobbing are typically more powerful than their victims.

2 For reasons of space, the chapter does not cover other important types of workplace transgressions such as deliberate property damage and theft or aggression against the organization for which an individual works.

3 I thank Michael Frone for helping to place specific occupations within the larger groups.

4 Point prevalence here refers to the percentage of workers experiencing bullying contemporaneously with data collection.

5 Role ambiguity refers to an information deficiency in the work environment, making the duties required to perform one’s job unclear (Beehr, 1995). Role conflict refers to conflicting demands being placed on the worker. Role overload refers to excessive demands on the worker; it is akin to psychological workload, which was discussed in Chapter 3. Work constraints refer to workplace factors (e.g., lack of supplies) that are obstacles to completing one’s job.

6 This is a state of affairs that is more likely to arise during an economic downturn than other times.

7 There will be more on CWB later. In the study by Luksyte et al. (2011), aggression directed against coworkers and aggression directed against the organization were lumped together because they tend to be highly correlated.

8 OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the United States.

9 Thought intrusion refers to involuntary images or thoughts that, in the case of the assault victims described here, are displeasing and unwelcome.

10 The question asked was “Have you been exposed to threats or violence at work during the last two years?” (Lindström et al., 2000). It would have been preferable if the survey included a separate item that explicitly asked about “threats of violence” and not lumped threats and violence together. Separate questions about threats of violence and other kinds of threats (e.g., threat of demotion) and being a victim of workplace violence would have been preferable. I thank Violeta Contreras for pointing out the vagueness of the item used in the study.

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