Ground Rules for Humanitarian Design by Min Soo Chun Alice & Brisson Irene E

Author:Min Soo Chun, Alice & Brisson, Irene E.
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781118361436
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-05-08T04:00:00+00:00

The burden of diarrhoeal diseases is largely borne by developing countries. An estimated nearly 1.7 billion cases of diarrhoea (Fischer Walker, 2012) and 1.87 million deaths in children under five occur each year (Boschi-Pinto, 2008), primarily caused by unsafe drinking water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene. The accumulated burden of repeated diarrhoeal diseases results in decreased food intake and nutrient absorption, malnutrition, reduced resistance to infection and impaired physical growth and cognitive development (Baqui, 1993; Guerrant, 1999). The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) could prevent approximately 9.1 per cent of the entire global burden of disease and 6.3 per cent of all causes of death worldwide (Pruss-Ustun, 2008).

The interventions commonly promoted to reduce the worldwide burden of diarrhoeal disease fall into four categories:

Water supply provision, particularly the installation of ‘improved’ water sources such as piped water supplies, protected wells or protected springs.

Promotion of household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) options, such as boiling, chlorination or filters.

Improved sanitation options such as latrines to isolate faeces from the environment.

Hygiene promotion, such as handwashing, to improve personal and household hygiene.

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