English Grammar and Functions: by a non-native, for the non-native by Vladimir Skenderoff

Author:Vladimir Skenderoff [Skenderoff, Vladimir]
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Published: 2017-05-28T07:00:00+00:00

Present Perfect

Past Simple & Present Perfect: ancestor = an animal that lived in the past, that modern animals have developed from

Present Simple & Present Perfect: kickoff = the time when a game of football starts, or it begins again after it has stopped because of a goal, etc.

Have + Past Participle

The Present Perfect Tense, the fourth major grammatical structure, is the most complex one:

I have lived in America. (live/lived/ lived) My mother has never been to Japan. (be/was/ been) Have you run a full marathon? (run/ran/ run) Wikipedia says that analogous forms are found in some European languages like Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, German, etc. My native Bulgarian has something similar to Present Perfect, but Russian, as far as I know, doesn’t. Japanese has something similar to Present Perfect but not quite the same and according to Google University, Korean doesn’t have that grammatical structure.

The main Function of Present Perfect is when you talk about Experience. Some languages use Past Simple to talk about Experience so it is very important to explain the difference between Present Perfect and Past Simple:

- Past Simple often focuses on the exact time of the experience and it is used with more specific words of time like: YESTERDAY, 2/3 days AGO, LAST

week/summer, etc.

I went to Australia last year.

I saw a movie yesterday.

I ate sashimi last night.

- Present Perfect doesn’t focus on the exact time of the experience and it is used with more unspecific words of time like: ALREADY, not …YET, Have you EVER, I have NEVER, RECENTLY, etc.

I’ve already been to Australia.

I haven’t seen any movies recently.

Have you ever eaten sashimi?

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