Urban Planning for Healthy European Cities by Rosalba D'Onofrio & Elio Trusiani
Author:Rosalba D'Onofrio & Elio Trusiani
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham
5.3 Box 3—Turin
In the mid-1990 s, the City of Turin began to work on urban recovery and regeneration through a planning process that relied on policies, tools, and projects developed in the last fifteen/twenty years. This has radically changed the face of the city and its role in the European realm of urban competitiveness.
The post-Fordism era, with its six million (or more) square metres of decommissioned industrial areas (brownfields), has forced a reflection and a rethinking about the identity and future of the factory-city of the 1900s, as the previous assessor Ilda Curti has stated. It has also led to a rethinking of the large urban voids with transformation processes stimulated by being included—for 80% of the urban territory—under Objective 2 of the European Structural and Investment Funds. In addition, the winter Olympic games in 2006 provided a further impulse for urban transformation.
Together with correct planning, Turin has known how to utilize important public and private European and Italian financial resources. These have allowed the City to implement urban-transformation projects anchored in the idea of the urban plan as a tool to regulate and transform the city. Large transformations serve as the “backbone” in redistributing the use of decommissioned industrial areas and the new neighbourhoods created, i.e., the skeleton of the new Turin.
Together with the crisis of post-Fordism, the same years saw an urban crisis that regarded the dense, inhabited, historical part of the city. “Quarters such as Porta Palazzo and San Salvario became emblems of conflict, which was often vindictive and hostile to new citizens, and citizens’ requests for safety burst into the local political agenda” (Ilda Curti).
Also in this case, Turin addressed the problem via method and planning, initiating processes for urban recovery and regeneration, and mending the social fabric. This occurred in the semi-urban areas (Porta Palazzo, San Salvario) and in public housing neighbourhoods through new legislative devices available such as the programs for urban recovery (Programmemi di recupero urbano, PRU) the neighbourhood contracts (Contratti di quartiere), and actions for local development.
It is important to underline how, starting in 1997, Turin has dealt with the problem not only as a physical fact of urban regeneration, but especially as a factor to recreate social cohesion in territories that are unaffected by large urban transformations, addressing the theme of social safety in an apparently indirect way.
A large amount of regional, ministerial, and European resources have been employed in these areas to intervene on the outstanding nature of urban regeneration, understood over time as urban regeneration according to ordinary reasoning, which should be the culture of planning.
The urban question requires complex thought. It means using a filter to read the city that allows it to be seen and act on in its structure and hardware. A common vice of those dealing with ‘social’ aspects is to consider them meaningless, but the hardware changes people’s lives. At the same time it is necessary to invest in resources, energy, identity, and conflicts, that is, on the city’s software. In a similar way,
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