The Scandinavian Prison Study by Stanton Wheeler & Hugh F. Cline & David J. Armor

Author:Stanton Wheeler & Hugh F. Cline & David J. Armor
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030264628
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Social experience favorable to crime

Criminal experience favorable to crime

High

Medium low

Low

Total

High

25%

11%

3%

(265)

Medium high

26%

19%

15%

(408)

Medium low

33%

38%

29%

(591)

Low

16%

33%

53%

(427)

Total percent

100%

100%

100%

Total

(430)

(416)

(73)

(1691)

We now consider the joint effect of criminal and social background on response to imprisonment. We might not expect a great deal of improvement in explanatory power, in part because the use of either measure alone, in combination with age, produces very large percentage differences thereby reducing the room for improvement, and in part because as we have just shown, the two are highly interrelated. And, in fact, we find very little we didn’t already know by examining the two dimensions separately. When we compare those whose combined social and criminal experience is most conducive to crime with those where the combined effect is least conducive, the effect on conformity is some 63% (from 31 to 94% conformity) as against 61% (from 31 to 92%) using criminal background alone. Nevertheless, the relationships are extremely consistent: within any age and social background category conformity increases as experience in crime declines; and within any age and criminal experience category, conformity increases as social experience conducive to crime declines. But regarding feelings of help and harm, we gain little or nothing by combining the two background measures, nor do we find consistent patterns of movement within the various categories. It thus appears with our combined data, as with each index taken separately, that an inmate’s social and criminal background relates more strongly to conformity than to his feelings of being helped or harmed by his stay in prison.

Finally, we present the multiple regression analysis relating both the social and criminal background indices to the response measures.10 Conformity

Harm

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