The Art of Siege Warfare and Military Architecture From the Classical World to the Middle Ages by Michael Eisenberg;Rabei Khamisy;

Author:Michael Eisenberg;Rabei Khamisy;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History / Military / Weapon
Publisher: Casemate Publishers & Book Distributors, LLC
Published: 2021-01-30T00:00:00+00:00

Table 14.1: The units after the end of the Bar Kochba War and during the Flavian period.

Units after the end of the Bar Kochba War Units during the Flavian period

Alae Alae

Gallorum et Thracum Const(antium) I Thracum Mauretana

Antiana Gallorum et Thracum sag(ittariorum) veterana Gaetulorum

VII Phrygum Vocontiorum

Cohorts Cohorts

V Gemella I Augusta Lusitanorum

I Thracum (milliaria) I Damascena Armeniaca

I Sebastenorum (milliaria) I Thracum

I Damascenorum Armeniacum sagit(tariorum) II Thracum

I Montanorum II Cantabrorum

I Flavia c(ivium) R(omanorum) III Callaecorum Bracaraugustanorum

I Ulpia Galatarum I milliaria sagittariorum

II Ulpia Galatarum

III Callaecorum Bracaraugustanor(um)

IV Callaecorum Bracaraugustanor(um)

IV Ulpia Petreorum

VI Ulpia Petreorum

Furthermore, at least from the late Trajanic period, the number of auxiliaries increased significantly, which indicates the arrival of a second legion, because every legion was accompanied by a certain number of auxiliaries. However, we do not have precise information regarding the identity and number of auxiliary troops that were relocated to the province. It is not until the year AD 136/7 that a complete list of alae and cohorts, which were deployed at that time in Syria Palaestina, is known through a military diploma (RMD III 160).14 There were 3 alae and 12 cohorts, a number that remains constant in the diplomas in the following decades (see for example RMD I 69; III 173; RGZM 29, 41; AE 2007, 1766; 2011, 1810; Eck and Pangerl 2016). If the list is compared with the units known towards the end of the Flavian period, the result in Table 14.1 is shown.

The number of alae did not increase, there were still three; however, of the three alae from the Flavian period, none still existed in the province; they were completely exchanged. The number of cohorts increased over the years from 7 to 12, with two cohorts becoming milliariae, whereas only one milliaria previously existed in the province. Like with the alae, almost all the cohorts were new; the cohors III Bracaraugustanorum and the I Damascenorum Armeniaca were the only remnants from the old crew. This may also have applied to the cohors I Thracum, which would probably have been topped-up in the meantime, increasing from a quingenaria to a milliaria. But it is clear that the size of the auxiliary part of the army in Syria Palaestina nearly doubled.

Some of these units may have already arrived in the province with the second legion during the Trajanic period; however, this is currently impossible to determine accurately, especially because units could have been replenished or replaced following the heavy losses that were incurred during the Bar Kochba revolt (Eck 2012). But the ala VII Phrygum had surely already been transferred to the province before the uprising, because from March AD 158, three diplomas are known which were issued to veterans of this unit. The men had been taken into the unit 25 years earlier as recruits, in the spring of 133, shortly after the start of the uprising. If three of the diplomas from the year 158 have survived to this day, then the number of issued certificates from 158 must have been enormous. It is estimated

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