Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy by Albert Ellis & Debbie Joffe-Ellis

Author:Albert Ellis & Debbie Joffe-Ellis [Ellis, Albert & Joffe-Ellis, Debbie]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Psychology, Clinical Psychology
ISBN: 9781433809613
Google: 1rsETwEACAAJ
Publisher: American Psychological Association
Published: 2011-11-15T23:57:20.734262+00:00

One can see the active–directive nature of this session. From early on, Al used humor to encourage the client to feel more at ease and to reduce her fears (T-5) and at times expressed himself in an exaggerated and humorous manner (T-54) to elicit a more realistic and less horrified perspective (C-54, C-55). Throughout the session, he was consistently direct, honest, and straightforward (T-7) and exposed the client’s exaggerations, irrational beliefs, and illogical jumps (T-6). He considered worst-case scenarios (T-9, T-15) and the ongoing tendency of the client to revert to should (T-16, T-29). Al gave realistic hope and optimism (T-10) that she could learn healthier ways. He invited her to focus in on main problems, kept presenting the rational perspective (T-28), and demonstrated healthy nondemanding language (T-29). He pointed out the difference between preferring and demanding (T-30, T-35) and between rational and irrational (T-54), and he pointed out the roots of Sara’s emotional disturbance (T-40, T-51)—of her depression (T-12, T-16, T-68) and anxiety (T-49). More humor creates comfort and rapport (T-32). Al encouraged the client to focus on evaluating her thinking (T-14, T-56) and at various times assessed her grasp of the theory (T-35, T-60, T-67) and of how she created her disturbances. He continued to expose her demands and need for approval (T-53) and more of her irrational beliefs (T-63). He pointed out her unrealistic expectations of herself (T-73), her perfectionistic demands (T-75), and her self-flagellation (T-76). Clarification and encouragement were presented (T-76).

In one brief 15-minute session, Sara acquired awareness about what she did to create her disturbances and was given realistic hope that she could change her tendencies to do so. She was taught some of the main principles of REBT and how she could change her dysfunctional thoughts and feelings by disputing her irrational ideas and replacing them with rational philosophies.

Al was relentless in exposing the client’s self-defeating ideas, boldly challenging them, educating her in the healthy approach, and expressing encouragement and belief in her capacity for changing her dysfunctional ways. He demonstrated unconditional acceptance of her, without accepting her harmful tendencies, and the difference is clear. Honesty and humor contributed to rapport. His ability to anticipate her views and beliefs, which he would then challenge, also contributed to rapport development in that it gave the client a sense of being understood. He didn’t do all the “work”; he regularly asked questions that allowed Sara to think about what she was doing to contribute to her upsetness, and her answers indicated her grasp of what he was conveying to her. The philosophy and method of REBT were consistently conveyed to enable her to get a good grasp of them so that she would be able to apply them to future dysfunctional thinking and feeling and to behaviors she may experience and perform; hence her session attended to more than just the problems presented within it. With ongoing effort and application of what she learned, lasting change would be possible.

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