5 Steps to a 5 by Peggy J. Martin

Author:Peggy J. Martin
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Published: 2017-04-08T04:00:00+00:00

Answers and Explanations

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1. D The image reflects the exchange of goods between the Americas and Europeans that characterized the Colombian Exchange system. The Triangular Trade refers more specifically to the trade networks that developed among Europe, Africa and the Americas, rather than to the exchange of goods themselves (B). The Middle Passage refers to the middle leg of the trade network, characterized by trade in slaves, not reflected in the image (A). The mita system was a system of coercive labor that developed in the Spanish colonies, not an exchange of goods (D).

2. B One could argue that Native Americans benefited from these interactions in that they were introduced to more efficient agricultural techniques, like using horses and metal tools to increase crop yields. These gains were offset by their eventual domination by European colonial powers (A) and the huge mortality rate due to exposure to European diseases like smallpox (C). Finally, maize was native to the Americas and not introduced by Europeans (D).

3. B The Colombian Exchange meant new crops which could be grown under different conditions and which provided a broader range of nutrients, leading to better nutrition and population growth. Though there has been controversy over whether syphilis may have originated in the Americas, the most recent research suggests that it did not. Diseases from the Americas were not a factor (A). Likewise, there is no evidence that insects from the Americas had any impact on Europe’s crops (C). Though there were drugs native to the Americas, like tobacco, that were exported to Europe, these were not associated with any social unrest (D).

4. A The system in which the means of production (land, labor and capital) are owned by private individuals is capitalism. In socialism, the means of production (at least for key industries) are owned by the governing body and operated for the benefit of all citizens (B). Communism is considered a higher stage of socialism, in which class distinctions disappear and workers own and operate the means of production for the benefit of all. Instead of wages, citizens are provided with benefits (income, goods) based on their need (D). Mercantilism is an economic policy in which nations try to maximize their wealth by maintaining a favorable balance of trade, often using colonies to do so (C).

5. D Though most trade networks started as regional phenomena, this had not been true since at least 600 CE, well before this era (A). Muslims had been integrated into European trade through sea (Indian Ocean) and overland routes (Silk Road) well before this period also (B). However, trade was not truly global in this period, as Oceania and the continent of Australia were still not integrated into the trade networks (C).

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