5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2014-2015 by Richard H. Langley & John T. Moore

Author:Richard H. Langley & John T. Moore [Langley, Richard H.]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
Tags: Itzy, Kickass.so
ISBN: 9780071803748
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Published: 2013-07-12T04:00:00+00:00

Figure 12.5 Phase diagram for H2O.

For each of the phase transitions, there is an associated enthalpy change or heat of transition. For example, there are heats of vaporization, fusion, sublimation, and so on.

Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase Changes

The intermolecular forces can affect phase changes to a great degree. The stronger the intermolecular forces present in a liquid, the more kinetic energy must be added to convert it into a gas. Conversely, the stronger the intermolecular forces between the gas particles, the easier it will be to condense the gas into a liquid. In general, the weaker the intermolecular forces, the higher the vapor pressure. The same type of reasoning can be used about the other phase equilibria—in general, the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the heats of transition.

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