30-Second Chemistry by Tro Nivaldo;

Author:Tro, Nivaldo;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Ivy Press, The
Published: 2020-11-15T00:00:00+00:00

3-SECOND NUCLEUS

Elements in the periodic table’s second row behave differently from heavier elements because they form strong multiple bonds and are limited to eight valence electrons.

3-MINUTE VALENCE

One consequence of the uniqueness principle is that planetary atmospheres largely consist of first- and second-row elements. Earth’s atmosphere is comprised mostly of nitrogen and oxygen; Mars’s atmosphere mostly of CO2; and those of the gas giants are mostly hydrogen, helium, CH4 and NH3. In contrast, the planetary crusts of planets such as Earth and Mars contain large amounts of silicate minerals, many of which contain chains, sheets and 3D networks held together by silicon-oxygen single bonds.

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