World Religions Demystified (EBOOK) by Ebrahim E. I. Moosa

Author:Ebrahim E. I. Moosa
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

CAREFUL! Use of the word crusade in a positive context may offend some non-Christians.

The Crusades were a complex series of military and religious expeditions that took place from the eleventh to the early fourteenth centuries CE. Most of them were waged against Muslims and had the goal of establishing Christian kingdoms in the Holy Land; several campaigns ended up targeting other places, including northern Africa, Egypt, and Turkey. The Crusades were not unified in command, and often they were considered pilgrimages that secured immediate entry to heaven for Crusaders who died in battle. The outcomes of the campaigns varied wildly; in the end, all the Christian strongholds in the Middle East fell. A major outcome of the bloody struggles, however, was an increase of power and influence of the Catholic Church.

After the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Empire in 1453, the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church moved to Russia, where the Orthodox faith remains strong today. It is today the dominant system of belief among religious practitioners in Russia, as well as in Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. There are minority groups of Orthodox Christians in Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, and Syria.

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