Top 101 Artists by Britannica Educational Publishing

Author:Britannica Educational Publishing
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 978-1-62275-130-3
Publisher: Britannica Educational Publishing
Published: 2014-09-15T00:00:00+00:00

GUSTAV KLIMT

(b. 1862–d. 1918)

As a founder of the school of art known as the Vienna Secession, Austrian painter Gustav Klimt revolted against academic art in favor of a highly decorative style similar to art nouveau. He is best known for his murals and portraits of women.

Klimt was born on July 14, 1862, in Vienna. After studying at the Vienna School of Decorative Arts, he and his brother Ernst in 1883 opened an independent studio specializing in the execution of mural paintings. His early work was typical of late 19th-century academic painting, as can be seen in his murals for the Vienna Burgtheater (1888) and on the staircase of the Kunsthistorisches Museum.

After the death of his brother in 1892, Klimt stopped painting for a time. In 1897 Klimt’s mature style emerged, and he cofounded the Vienna Secession, which also included German architects Josef Hoffmann, and Joseph Olbrich. A later group was formed, also led by Klimt, centering on an exhibition known as the Kunstschau, from which emerged some of the most illustrious modern Austrian painters, including Oskar Kokoschka, Alfred Kubin, and Egon Schiele.

The three allegorical murals Klimt painted for the ceiling of the University of Vienna auditorium were greatly criticized. The erotic symbolism and pessimism of these works created such a scandal that the murals were rejected. His later murals, the Beethoven Frieze (1902) and the murals (1909–11) in the dining room of the Stoclet House in Brussels, are characterized by precisely linear drawing and the bold and arbitrary use of flat, decorative patterns of color and gold leaf. Klimt’s most successful works include The Kiss (1908) and a series of portraits he did of fashionable Viennese matrons, such as Frau Fritza Riedler (1906) and Frau Adele Bloch-Bauer (1907). In these works he treats the human figure without shadow and heightens the skin by surrounding it with areas of flat, highly ornamental, and brilliantly composed areas of decoration. Klimt died on Feb. 6, 1918, in Vienna.

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