The Afsharid and Qajar Dynasty: A Captivating Guide to Two Iranian Dynasties Who Ruled Persia from 1736 to 1925 by Captivating History

Author:Captivating History [History, Captivating]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2019-05-31T00:00:00+00:00

Mozaffar al-Din and his entourage. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.

Despite all his flaws, Naser al-Din was a well-educated, strong leader and a talented painter and poet. He even managed to impress the European monarchs with his learnedness and self-confidence. His son and successor, Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar, was a weak and extravagant ruler who was more concerned with his luxurious lifestyle and travels to Europe than with ruling the state. During his rule, Persia became even more indebted with more concessions given out to the British and Russians. This led to widespread discontent with his reign. The nobles, religious leaders, and scholars wanted to curb his authority by creating a rule of law in an attempt to limit foreign influences, mainly Russian, and to not allow the shah to sign over the majority of the Persian economy to outsiders. Commoners, on the other hand, were simply angry because of their poor living conditions and oppression. These dissatisfactions escalated in 1902/1903 when several riots and revolts that targeted foreigners, non-Muslims, and engineers, who they saw as representing modernization and foreign influence, erupted across Iran. By 1905, both the upper and lower classes had joined in protest against the shah in Tehran. And as Mozaffar lacked money to fund his royal troops, he feared they too may join the cause and, together with the protestors, depose him. So, he agreed to form a national assembly called the Majles which was tasked with drafting the first Iranian constitution. The Persian Constitution of 1906 was based mostly on the Belgian constitution. But the shah died in the first days of 1907 without living long enough to see the consequences of his actions.

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