Perpetrating the Holocaust: Leaders, Enablers, and Collaborators by Paul R. Bartrop;Eve E. Grimm;

Author:Paul R. Bartrop;Eve E. Grimm;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: ABC-CLIO
Published: 2018-06-14T16:00:00+00:00

PAVELIĆ, ANTE (1889–1959)

Ante Pavelić was a Croatian ultranationalist dictator who founded and headed the fascist organization the Ustashe in 1929. From 1941 to 1945, he ran the Independent State of Croatia, a fascist puppet state carved out of parts of Yugoslavia by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Pavelić and the Ustashe persecuted many racial minorities and political opponents in Croatia during the war, including Serbs, Jews, Roma, and antifascist Croats.

The founder and head of the fascist paramilitary Ustashe movement, Ante Pavelić was an ultra-nationalistic dictator of the puppet state of Croatia from 1941 to 1945. Styling himself as the Poglavnik (“leader”), his regime subjected Croatia to four years of terror, in which tens of thousands of Jews, Serbs, Muslims, Roma, and other minorities were expelled or executed in an attempt to create a purely Croatian state. Ustashe forces also established concentration camps in which large numbers of victims were exterminated. (ullstein bild/Getty Images)

Ante Pavelić was born on July 14, 1889, in Bradina, Bosnia-Herzegovina, to Mile and Mary. His elementary school was a Muslim makteb, and then when his parents moved, he attended a Jesuit school in Travnik. Health problems interrupted his education in 1905 and again in 1908. Early in high school, he joined the Party of Rights (an anti-Serb movement). Pavelić completed his education in Zagreb, and in 1910, he began studying law at the University of Zagreb.

Pavelić was called up to serve in the Austro-Hungarian navy, but the military medical commission at the Pula naval base questioned his fitness. Instead, he worked from August 1914 to March 1915 as a mason constructing the naval building in Sibenik. During that time, he lived with a Jewish family. At the end of March 1915, he was recalled to Pula, where the medical commission concluded that Pavelić was not capable of military service and released him. He became a trainee lawyer of Aleksandar Horvat, then president of the Party of Rights, and obtained his doctor of law in July 1915. As an employee and friend of Horvat, Pavelić frequently participated in important party meetings, from time to time assuming Horvat’s duties. In 1918, Pavelić became an independent lawyer.

Elected to the Skupstina (Yugoslav Parliament) in 1920, Pavelić represented the Party of Rights. On August 12, 1922, in the church of St. Marka in Zagreb, he married Mary Lovrenčević. The daughter of renowned journalist Martino Lovrenčević, also a member of the Rights Party, she was Jewish on her mother’s side. Together, they had three children.

After election to the assembly in Belgrade in 1927, Pavelić became a member of the Croatian Bloc. He was an eyewitness to the assassination of Stjepan Radić, founder of the Croatian People’s Peasant Party (Hrvatska pučka seljačka stranka), who was shot in the assembly by Serb radical politician Puniša Račić on June 20, 1928.

In 1928, Pavelić founded an armed Croatian group and invited Croats openly to start an armed rebellion, which immediately caused the group to be declared illegal. In 1929, King Alexander suspended the constitution and initiated a government crackdown on nationalist activities, a move which saw Pavelić flee to Italy.

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