NBDE Part I Secrets Study Guide: NBDE Test Review for the National Board Dental Exam by NBDE Exam Secrets Test Prep Team

Author:NBDE Exam Secrets Test Prep Team
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2011-08-03T00:00:00+00:00

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the best known of the cellular organelles. They had been described during the 19th century, notably by Kollicker and Fleming. Altman, using Janus green, was able to stain them in 1890. Structually, the mitochondrion is composed of an outer trilaminar membrane and an inner trilaminar membrane; the inner one forms folds which are known as cristae. The space between the two membranes is about 6-10 nm wide.

Mitochondria as a whole and specifically the cristae vary in size, shape and number not only in different cells but also in the same cell depending on its functional state. Mitochondria are present in greater numbers in cells exhibiting high levels of activity and having more energy requirements. Muscle and grandular tissues fall in the above category.

DNA has been found in the mitochondria of animals and the chloroplasts of plants. Mitochondria are capable of division and are not generated de novo.

Granules have been observed in the mitochondria Matrix. Their identity is in question, however; some believe they might be reservoirs of calcium and other divalent ions. Phosphate is taken up with Ca²+ and calcium phosphate deposit may be the end result.

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