Nanomaterials and Biomedicine by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811552748
Publisher: Springer Singapore

The possible therapeutic potential of AFSCs has been exploited in several preclinical models, to treat cardiac diseases, gastrointestinal disorders like necrotizing enterocolitis, nervous disorders, lung disorders, as well as skeletal disorders like muscular dystrophy (Loukogeorgakis and De Coppi 2017). In some of these cases, the therapeutic effect has been attributed to the paracrine immunomodulatory effect of the cells, while in others, the beneficial effect is due to engraftment into the damaged tissue (Loukogeorgakis and De Coppi 2017). Several studies are underway to test the efficacy of AFMSCs in treating congenital disorders like neural tube defects, congenital heart disease, respiratory tract anomalies, and perinatal gastrointestinal disorders (Kunisaki 2018).

AFSCs can, however, elicit immune responses, in spite of being derived from an immune-incompetent source (Borlongan 2017). Though easily available and easy to culture, with minimal safety issues in transplantation, the main limitation in the use of AFSCs lies in its collection. Amniotic fluid can be collected during pregnancy, by amniocentesis, which is an invasive procedure done for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal defects or infections (Loukogeorgakis and De Coppi 2017, Spitzhorn et al. 2017). The insertion of a needle into the amniotic sac to perform the procedure may cause harm to the developing fetus, including chances of spontaneous abortion (Tara et al. 2016). This can be overcome by using amniotic fluid collected from caesarian sections deliveries of full-term pregnancies, which reduces the risks to the fetus, but still have the therapeutic potential of classical AFSCs (Spitzhorn et al. 2017; Moraghebi et al. 2017).

There have been several studies where stem cell therapy has been used for the treatment of different diseases. Work has been done to treat ocular disorders, cardiac disorders, pulmonary disorders, hepatic disorders, pancreatic disorders, renal disorders, skeletal disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, as well as metabolic diseases. However, in this chapter, we have focused on some of the therapeutic strategies used for degenerative disease of the lungs and kidneys.

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