Modified Mycotoxins, a Still Unresolved Issue by Alberto Angioni Mariateresa Russo Cinzia La Rocca Ornella Pinto & Alberto Mantovani

Author:Alberto Angioni, Mariateresa Russo, Cinzia La Rocca, Ornella Pinto & Alberto Mantovani
Format: pdf
Tags: Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous microfungi on almost every agricultural commodity worldwide. After the infection of crop plants, mycotoxins are modified by plant enzymes or other fungi and often conjugated to more polar substances, like sugars. The formed—often less toxic—metabolites are stored in the vacuole in soluble form or bound to macromolecules. As these substances are usually not detected during routine analysis and no maximum limits are in force, they are called modified mycotoxins. While, in most cases, modified mycotoxins have lower intrinsic toxicity, they might be reactivated during mammalian metabolism. In particular, the polar group might be cleaved off (e.g., by intestinal bacteria), releasing the native mycotoxin. This review aims to provide an overview of the critical issues related to modified mycotoxins. The main conclusion is that analytical aspects, toxicological evaluation, and exposure assessment merit more investigation., modified mycotoxins; metabolites; risk assessment; dose additivity; toxicity; exposure


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