Freedom and Evolution by Adrian Bejan

Author:Adrian Bejan
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030340094
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Amazing, even the discussion of a single drawing is complicated! Then again, what is complexity?

Complexity is a difficult concept, like chaos, or turbulence. In the beginning, when people knew a lot less than what we know today, complexity meant difficulty, fuzziness, headache, and why bother. Its Latin origin betrays this feeling of defeat: “complex” (cum + plex, i.e., twisted forms together) comes from the same Latin observation as “perplex” (through + twisted), which also speaks of defeat.

As science progressed, people began to see organization and message in the said complexity. As the thinking became sharper, higher, and deeper, the organization of complexity gave birth to theory, which is the mental viewing with which to predict the observed complexity. Once understood, complexity becomes easier, and we call it architecture, weave, tissue, design, organization, and many more names that are a lot less puzzling.

It happened this way with turbulence, which as a science evolved from fuzziness in the late 1800s (complications of fluid flow were effaced intentionally through a time-averaged description, thanks to Reynolds [3]), to the “large-scale structure” of turbulence in the 1970s, and to the evolution of the structure of turbulence, which is now predictable from the constructal law [4]. For example, a flat jet or plume always evolves into a stream with round cross section [5], Fig. 6.2. The reverse is not true: round jets and plumes do not evolve into streams with flat cross sections. This holds true for turbulent and laminar jets and plumes as well.

Fig. 6.2Above a certain height, all turbulent plumes have round cross sections: flat plume rising from a row of smokestacks; round plume rising from a concentrated fire; and plume above a brush fire

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