Fluid Dynamics by Peter S. Bernard

Author:Peter S. Bernard [Bernard, Peter S.]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2015-05-31T04:00:00+00:00

14.2

First Law of Thermodynamics

Consider the fluid in a container whose properties are homogeneous and in equilibrium. Such a system can be described by any two thermodynamic properties such as temperature, , pressure, , or density, , where is the specific volume. Having picked any two properties, these may be incorporated into equations of state that determine the remaining properties. For example, from knowledge of and for a perfect gas, the equation of state

 (14.1)

where is the gas constant, allows for the determination of pressure. Note that for the purposes of this section, is to be regarded as the thermodynamic pressure, which is often, but not necessarily, identical to the mechanical pressure introduced previously in Eq. (12.33).

The internal energy/mass of the system, , accounts for energy in the various vibrational and rotational states of molecules as well as the energy of translational motion over and above that contained in their mean drift. The latter is the macroscopic velocity field that contributes to the kinetic energy/mass in the form

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