Evolution of Government Policy Towards Homosexuality in the US Military: The Rise and Fall of DADT by James E. Parco & David A. Levy

Author:James E. Parco & David A. Levy [Parco, James E. & Levy, David A.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General, Social Science, LGBTQ+ Studies, Gay Studies
ISBN: 9780415816038
Google: Tit0mQEACAAJ
Goodreads: 17803479
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-01-15T09:06:54+00:00

UNIT COHESION

U.S. military policies note that performance and effectiveness in combat is influenced by a wide variety of factors (DoD, 1992; NDRI, 2010). However, high combat effectiveness is premised on “a synergistic mix that can be best expressed as the product of unit cohesion and readiness” (Otjen et al., 1993, p. 162). Cohesion reflects the “bonding together of members of a unit in such a way as to sustain their will and commitment to each other, their unit, and the mission” (Johns et al., 1984, p. ix). Research indicates that unit cohesion can influence both individual and group performance (see Table 3; Beal et al., 2003; Chicchio & Essiembre, 2009; Mullen & Cooper, 1994). However, other research suggests that there are structural (e.g., size, proximity, interdependence, interpersonal contact) and situational (e.g., leadership style, command climate, threat or challenge conditions) factors that may play a larger role in understanding the complex relationships among cohesion, effectiveness, and performance than either sexual orientation, or sexual behavior of gay service personnel (Beal et al., 2005; Chicchio & Essiembre, 2009; Estrada, 2012; Mullen & Cooper, 1994; NDRI, 1993, 2010). In fact, the DoD’s CRWG found that large percentages of military personnel reported that removal of the ban on gays in the military would have a positive, a mixed, or no effect on aspects of task cohesion (70–76%), and social cohesion (67–78%; DoD, 2010a).

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