English Prim Educ Pt2 Ils 227 by W.A.L. Blyth

Author:W.A.L. Blyth [Blyth, W.A.L.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Sociology, General
ISBN: 9781136271496
Google: XUDJAwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-06-11T04:59:50+00:00

Low penetration

High concordance

Low penetration High

discordance

because the degree of penetration in one primary environment, e.g. the family, may differ from the degree in another, such as the peer group. Also, there may be high concordance between two of the contexts, such as family and Church congregation, but high discordance between each of these and a third such as the local community. Again, both penetration and concordance may vary from one type of external influence to another. The family may for example show high concordance with the local community in allowing a high measure of penetration to the uniformed organisations, but may show marked contrasts to that community in relation to commercial television.

This theory obviously needs empirical support before it can be confidently advanced, but there is some indication from American sources that variations along these two dimensions are to some extent patterned rather than random. Children from middle-class and positively Protestant homes in predominantly middle-class Protestant districts may, for example, tend to experience high concordance and low penetration over much of the field. At the opposite extreme, and in a different way, much the same may be true of some families in communities such as Madeline Kerr’s ‘Ship Street’ (1958) or those studied by Morris (1958) (especially Chs. 7–8) in a part of Croydon or by Mays (1959) in Liverpool. In these latter cases, of course, the resistant culture is less approved in society at large and may even be in an almost Hobbesian state of war with it and even with the more law-abiding elements in the immediate vicinity. Then as Morris (loc. cit., p. 145) indicates, actual delinquent behaviour is often initiated in the junior school years, so that what changes later is not the proneness to undertake delinquent acts but the nature and scope of the acts which are undertaken. It even appears possible that in markedly deviant sub-cultures which feel themselves to be in a perpetual state of siege the normal structuring of primary groups gives place to a greater domination from above, with maturer criminals acting as it were as a collective Fagin towards their juniors. Meanwhile, children in socially, ethnically, and ideologically mixed areas are more likely to encounter high penetration and high discordance. Perhaps, too, the level of penetration rises and the level of concordance falls as the children move into adolescence, more markedly in the case of boys than of girls and for the less academic than for the more academic.

Even this does not complete the elaborations which the filtration theory requires. For one thing, some allowance must be made for changes within the different primary environments themselves. The departure of members of a family or of a peer group may radically alter the prevailing character of the remainder. A dramatic change in occupancy may quickly affect the nature of a neighbourhood. Social changes of this type may imply an increase in penetration or concordance for some children and a decrease for others. To select an imaginary example: in a district which was

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